O ngā toenga waikawa amino i e hanga rāpoi ngota?

O te waikawa amino e hangaia toenga o ngā rāpoi ngota pūmua. Taua waerau e nui rauemi tūturu rāpoi. Kei te tito te reira o te huānga matū pērā i te waro, i reira he hauwai, te hāora, hauota reira. Ko te waikawa karihi i ūkuikui, a hei wāhanga o pūmua maha i roto i whanariki.

hanganga āhuatanga

Mai e hangaia o ngā rāpoi ngota pūmua nga toenga waikawa amino o te rāpoi ngota, to ratou he papatipu rāpoi-ngota tiketike. E huaina ratou makropolimerami. Ka rite ki tauira o iti pūhui taimaha rāpoi ngā waiwaihā, ngā waikawa carboxylic, nucleotides, monosaccharides, waikawa amino.

macromolecules

Kei te hanga te reira o ngā toenga waikawa amino o te pūmua muingota e hiahiatia ana mō ngā mahi faufaa o kaiao ora. I te toharite, tona papatipu rāpoi- kanohi te i roto i te awhe i te torutoru mano ki te miriona. I roto i te rāpoi ngota o pūhui pūmua, waikawa karihi, riro polysaccharides he nui etahi o tukurua wae.

huaina waetahi rāpoi ohie e te hunga i te pūtake mo te hanganga o ngā rāpoi ngota polymer. E rāpoi ngota e hanga i waikawa amino? Ko te whakahoki ki tenei pātai he mōhio ki tetahi ākonga kura nui. Waetahi hoki ratou ko nga waikawa amino. Hoki polysaccharides hiahiatia monosaccharides, me nucleotides he tika mo te hanganga o waikawa karihi.

Te tikanga o biopolymers

Ko te kupu, e hangaia nga toenga waikawa amino rāpoi ngota pūmua e mahi mahi maha. Me kï hoki te hanga o to ratou mahi. āhei te reira ki a koutou hanga rāpoi ngota pūmua e e motuhake ki te rauropi ora takitahi. I tua atu, rāpoi pūmua - he puna o te pūngao, me reira pūmua ngā kai rā. I roto i te pūtau roto rerekē moni o ngā pūhui matū waro. Hoki tauira, mō ngā kararehe āhuatanga e te predominance o lipids me te pūmua i roto i te tipu, me te - te nui rawaka o te warowaihā.

O te toenga waikawa amino o ngā rāpoi ngota pūmua kararehe e hangaia. E whakaritea taua "pereki" e he pūhui matū amphoteric i roto i te rāpoi ngota pūmua i roto i te tetahi raupapa. I tēnei wā i reira he kōrero e pā ana ki te oraraa o waikawa amino e rua rau, engari mo te hanganga o ka puta noa pūmua whakamahia anake e rua tekau o ratou. E huaina ratou te pūmua-hanga. Hei tauira, e taea te hanga pūmua interlaces o alanine, leucine, lysine, waikawa aspartic, valine, methionine, glutamine, threonine. I runga i te pātai o te toenga waikawa amino i e hanga rāpoi ngota, hoatu ngā ākonga tauira o te pūmua kararehe.

Āhuatanga o te hanganga matū

Ko te waikawa amino i he nehenehe o hanga he macromolecule, he rōpū amino me te rōpū carboxyl herea ia ki tetahi ngota waro. Ko tenei āhuatanga fakatahai te tau i runga ake. rerekē te toenga waikawa amino i te hanganga o te tuwhena. pea te reira hydrophilic ranei hydrophobic, neke ranei kore-neke, e homai nga āhuatanga motuhake o ngā waikawa amino.

Ko te nuinga o nga waikawa amino taea o hanga muingota proteinaceous roaa kotahi rōpū carboxyl (i roto i tona hanganga i reira he hydroxyl me carbonyl) rōpū amino me kotahi, pera e whakaaro ratou rite rāpoi kūpapa.

He waikawa amino taketake he maha ngā rōpū amino, me te waikawa amino waikawa, tito nei o etahi o nga rōpū carboxyl. Hei tauira, ngota whanariki i roto i te rāpoi ngota he cysteine.

kōwhiringa kōtuitanga

kaiao Autotrophic synthesize waikawa amino i matū hauota-kei roto pararopi, me te o nga hua o te ahotakakame.

E whakamahia kaiao Heterotrophic rite te puna kai tuatahi o ngā waikawa amino. Hei wāhanga o te tinana tangata synthesized te i te hua waikawa amino o pākia. E whakaaro taua pūhui whakawhiti. Ka rite ki te puna o waikawa amino faufaa e tau synthesized i roto i te tinana tangata, te whakamahi i etahi kai. He aha ngā waikawa e karangatia faufaa mo te tangata? Tenei lysine, phenylalanine, leucine, valine, isoleucine, tryptophan, methionine. Hoki te tinana o te tamaiti i reira e rua waikawa amino faufaa: histidine me arginine.

Mai waikawa amino he pūhui amphoteric, kua āhuatanga ratou i te tauhohenga tiketike. I waenganui i tetahi waikawa amino me te rōpū carboxyl o te rāpoi ngota tuarua hanga he here matū, ka karanga peptide (amide) here.

Ka rite ki te hua o te taua tauhohenga matū hua te hanganga peptide rārangi. He Kotahi mutunga o te pūhui hou te rōpū amino, me te tuarua e te rōpū carboxyl free. Taua hanganga taea dipeptide taunekeneke ki ētahi atu rāpoi, waikawa amino, hanga polypeptide pūhui.

mutunga

Ko o hiranga ngā mō te ora tangata nga peptides. Polypeptides i roto i to ratou hanganga he tāoke, paturopi, me te tahi mau hormones. kia mekameka Polypeptide kia titoa o nga mano o waikawa amino whakaritea i roto i te raupapa motuhake. Ki te tito o macromolecules pūmua nga toenga waikawa amino anake, kua karangatia e ratou ohie.

Ki te kore, ko te wāhanga anake waikawa amino, engari ano hoki nga tīhiko o rino, konupora, konutea, huka, nucleotides, lipids, i roto i tenei take i huaina te rāpoi ngota ko te hanganga o te rāpoi ngota pūmua pūmua matatini. Ka rite ki te pūmua ohie noa tutakina pūtōtepe, albumins toto, whākōkī.

rāpoi ngota pūmua matatini kitea paturopi (immunoglobulins) whākōkī. E whā ngā momo o te whakahaere hanganga o nga rāpoi ngota pūmua. hanganga Paraimere Ko te raupapa rārangi o ngā toenga waikawa amino hono e peptide (amide) here.

whakatau te reira i te mahi, ngā āhuatanga, me te te ahua o te pūmua. I runga i te pūtake o te hanganga tuatahi hanga rerekē putanga hanganga. Katoa rauropi he ona ake hanganga tuatahi ahurei, e hanga etahi raruraru mo te kōtuitui. Hei tauira, e ara raruraru i roto i te kōwhiringa o āpiha rongoā mō ngā takitahi motuhake.