Pita Kuzmich Anokhin, academician: A Biography, whai ki te pūtaiao

Tairanga pūtaiao-physiologist o te rau tau XX , Pita Kuzmich Anokhin - academician, kaiwhakarewa o nga kura pūtaiao rongonui, te kaiwhakarewa o nga manga hou o te pūtaiao o te roro, i meinga te matamua o cybernetics - kua kua, angamaheni mo te kaiputaiao Soviet. E haere mai i te whānau mahi-piha ohie, ka e ia he physiologist ao-ingoa, me te mau mai i te matua o te pūtaiao Soviet i maha mara o neurophysiology, i te whai wāhi ki te whakatoi wā mō ki ratou i pai te whai i roto i te pūtaiao whakaaetia akoranga a Hēnare i manatoko.

"I whanau ahau ki te awaawa"

mahara ia e he matau ki tona papa, me te whaea, a hainatia nga ripeka e rua. Ko reira noa i roto i nga tangata o awa - te proletarian tino o te Tsarina. Here, i roto i te hapu o te kaimahi pereoo auahi, me te wāhi o academician Anokhin. Whanau ia - January 27, 1898. Matua - Kuzma Vladimirovich - he kei me te tangata taciturn - haere mai i te Don mua. Mai i te whaea - Agrafena Prokofyevna, he Māori o Penza kawanatanga - ka e ia he pūāhua ora, me te whakahoahoa, ka meinga te āhuatanga matua o te tamaiti i te pākiki me te hiahia mō te matauranga.

I mua i te revolution, riro ia mātauranga kura nui - puta i te kura hangarau (1914), me te tomo i te ruritanga whenua, kura agronomic i Novocherkassk. I maoro tohu ia ki ake te moni i roto i te pūtaiao koiora, te matauranga o te tangata, i roto i ngā i runga i tona roro. haamata e ia he moni kaha i roto i te tuhinga pūtaiao i runga i tenei kaupapa, kōrero ki ngā kaiako o te pūtaiao māori, i te iti rawa i taea e e hoatu he ahunga ki ona wawata obrazovatelskih.

Mema o te Pakanga Civil

hanga takenga Proletarian Anokhina mo te wahi tūturu i roto i te mau ohipa pāhoro o 1917, a ka i roto i te Pakanga Kaiākiri i te taha o nga mua. I roto i te ngangaretanga Cossack i tanguru 1918 ko Tsaritsyn raro riri, a ko te tangata taitama i roto i tona korero - i whakaritea e ia kaitirotiro o ngā kaimahi i runga i te hanga o taiepa hōia. I 1920, ko ia itoito i roto i te whakatö-Communist - ka kōmihana o te Press i Novocherkassk me te whakahaere i ētita o te nūpepa matua Don District - ". Whero Dawn"

He puta i te taranata nui rite te kaituhi, i i nga wa katoa, he muri academician Anokhin. tuhituhi Pita Kuzmich te nuinga o nga ētita me te rota o tuhinga mo te nūpepa. ngā ratou reo ngahau, me te whakarite i te aro o te tangata Commissar o te Mātauranga AV mahia Lunacharskogo haerenga pakanga ki te mua. hinaaro ia ki te whakatau ki te kaituhi taitamariki, a reira ko te hui, i i hoki te hui pūtaiao-whati heke mai. ka korerotia e Anokhin o nga Iwi Commissar o tona hiahia ki te ako me te moni i roto i te hanganga o te roro tangata, i mau ia i roto i nga ngā paroro, katoa i roto i te whenua.

kura spondylitis

Aita i maoro roa ka haere mai tetahi pukapuka i roto i i tonoa ki te tonoa Anokhina ki ako i te pūtaiao rongonui - Vladimir Mikhailovich Bekhterev, ahu e te State Institute o Medical Knowledge i mua. I roto i te 1921, mai Pita Kuzmich ki ako i roto i tenei kura. Ka rite ki tuhituhi ia i muri Anokhin, i academician Bekhterev te mea matua hoki ia - e here ana katoa ki te ao, raruraru pūtaiao ao - te mea ngaro o te roro tangata, ka ngā te akoranga tuatahi ki tenei rangahau.

Maoro, Heoi, mārama te ākonga Anohin e kore e kukume reira Psychiatry - ahunga matua o te mahi pūtaiao o spondylitis. kite ia i te reira rite unspecific rawa me te Karauna, faaite e te anake i roto i te puka-waha. I atu ia ngā ki te whaiaroaro o te roro, te whai wāhi ki te ako i te reira na roto i te te whakatū ngā ki tukua hua raima. Ahakoa te mana matua i roto i tenei rohe ko Ivan Petrovich Pavlov. Ko roto i tona taiwhanga me ki 1922 Anokhin. Academician Pavlov kukume pūtaiao taitamariki ki te whakamātau i inhibition ā-- te wāhi Whāiti o te ariā o reflexes makatuunga.

akonga pono o Pavlov

Wehi o te conventionalism i te pūtaiao, ki te karo i te tirohanga-iu kotahi, te karo haapa'oraa matapo ki te taua whakatau, ara, ki te he wahi o te ariā ngali pai ratou - na i whakaako ana kaimahi physiologist nui. Na ka i roto i 1924 whakaputaina he tuhinga "I te nounou tao'a mita me ngā raruraru hinengaro", i roto i i kite te tahi mau melo o te taiwhanga Pavlovian he whakamātau i runga i nga tikanga taketake o te ariā o reflexes makatuunga, me te kaituhi o i ko Anokhin, academician awhina ia te kaipūtaiao taitamariki.

I runga i te kupu tohutohu o Pavlov Anohin tuatahi ka he pūkenga i roto i te Tari o Pātukitukinga o te Institute o zootechnical Leningrad me ka ahorangi o te Medical Faculty o te University o Nizhny Novgorod. I whakaturia te pūtake o tenei manga i Gorky Medical Institute, te wahi i te Tari o Physiology me tīmata tona mahi motuhake pūtaiao, me te ako Anokhin. Academician, nei haurongo kua roa i hono ki Gorky, mahue he ōhakitia runga i te hītori o te Institute me huri noa te pa.

Institute o whakamātautau Medicine

I te Tari o Pātukitukinga o te Gorky Medical Institute, i tahuri Anohin ki tetahi o te pai i roto i te whenua i roto i 1932 i whakaarahia ake e te peka o katoa-Union Institute o whakamātautau Medicine, tona kaiwhakahaere, me te ka Anokhin.

I te tau 1935 i whakawhitia e ia ki te mahi i roto i VNIEM ki Moscow rite upoko o te tari o te Neuroscience, i roto i nei mātātoa te whai wāhi ia i roto i rangahau whakamātautau o te mahi teitei io. te kaiwhakau ia te reira i te hononga kaha ki pūtahi haumanu, e whakahaere rangahau tahi ki ngā, neurologists me neurosurgeons. Kua takaro nga hua o enei akoranga te wāhi nui i roto i Anokhina i nga raruraru o ngā wharanga whawhai o te pūnaha io piringa i roto i te Pakanga nui Patriotic.

Ko te pakanga mo te viivii ore o te raupapa pūtaiao

He maha hītori o pūtaiao motu mea e tango Anokhina i te whakapaipai ki te taha - i roto i te reira Nizhny Novgorod, i whakaputaina i te kaupapa o Pavlov, ki te whakaora ia ia i te whai mooni o whakaaro motuhake rawa me mahi. ohorere Na maha whawhai wä whakatau Anokhina ki te mutu te aufauraa i utunga rōpū ki te haere atu noa i te rōpū. Ua ite ia e taea te mahi pāpori mutu ia i roto i rangahau pūtaiao.

Ratou piri pono ki nga tikanga faufaa o te ariā Pavlovian karangatia a Anohin-ākonga me te academician Anokhin. Scientists tautohe e te kino nui ki te pūtaiao motu kawea aua whakamaori o te kainga tupu o te physiologist nui, e kei i te kāwai o te mau parau mau pumau e whakaarahia pera è nga whakaaro whakahuatia e Pavlov i rite iti rite waeua taea whakapae ranei e kore e e pā te ihirangi me te mana o nga mau marôraa taketake o te ariā.

Ko te hinga o te whaiaroaro Soviet

I muri mai, ka mahara ia he rota i runga i te wātū Pavlovian rongonui - he hui tahi o te Academy o Pūtaiao o te USSR me Wānanga o Medical Pūtaiao o te USSR i tangohia e wahi i roto i te raumati o te tau 1950. I reira, aru e te iranga, kua waiho i raro i te reira ki te horoi i te whaiaroaro Soviet. He maha ngā kaipūtaiao ārahi, whakaute i roto i te hapori pūtaiao, i raro ki te whakatoi nanakia mō "ine i te mau haapiiraa o Pavlov" me te faahiahia mo nga wāhi bourgeois idealistskimi o pūtaiao whaiaroaro. i tukua mamahi nga akonga tino tata, me te pono o Pavlov - L.Orbeli A. Speransky, I. Beritashvili, L.Shtern. i whakahē me waiaro e faaite academician Anokhin Hard. Pita Kuzmich, nei haurongo i pā ana ki a ratou ki te whakaturia ake i roto i te tau 1944 i te Institute o Pātukitukinga i te Academy o Medical Pūtaiao o te USSR, i nekehia atu i te kaiārahi, me tae noa ki 1953 - tae noa ki te mate o Stalin - he ahorangi o te Tari o Physiology, Medical University i Ryazan.

Ko te takoha pūtaiao matua

Ko te ariā o ngā pūnaha mahi - te hua tūturu o te whanaketanga o te ariā Pavlovian. Kei te whānui tēnei ariā whakapono nga whakatutukitanga pūtaiao matua, tona takoha tino nui ki te pūtaiao ao e pā ana ki te roro tangata. Ko reira ki te whakaahua i ngā tukanga faufaa o te tinana e tika ana ki te oraraa i roto i reira o feohi tūmataiti motuhake me ngā rōpū mahi ki te awhina o neural me humoral (whakahaeretia i roto i fluids) ture.

E kīia taua pūnaha ki rite whaiaro e fakatonutonu-, no te mea i reira he whakapai ake tonu. Ko te hua o taua pūnaha riro te mahi whanonga, hoki i reira ko te aromatawai afferentation kōaro - urupare. Ko taketake ki te pūtaiao o te tikanga o te faaineineraa, whakawhiti, rokiroki, me te huringa o te mōhiohio tenei ariā - Cybernetics. Ko te papa o tenei pūtaiao - Norbert Wiener - mahi tino wāriutia, te kaituhi o i ko academician Anokhin. hanga Photo i roto i te haere tahi me te Wiener Anokhin o Moscow, ka he tohu o te hononga tata nga pūtaiao e rua.

Koiora ariā o kare, ariā o 'ā'ā me moe, te matekai me huarahi makona o te inhibition ā-- enei raruraru kaha Anohin whai wāhi i roto i nga tau tata nei. ngā ia tona rangahau ki te mahi whakahaere o hapori pūtaiao kāinga me te ke, te whai wāhitanga i roto i papa ētita o maha pukapuka, me ētahi atu

PK puta Anokhin i te akoranga o te ora March 5, 1974, ka mahue te ingoa pai mo ratou mau huru tangata, me te tuku iho nui pūtaiao.