Princess Anne Leopoldovna: he haurongo poto me te rangatiratanga

Ko te whakarau o tenei wahine tino fakamamahi. Mokopuna o te Russian Tsar Ivan V, Anna Leopoldovna mo te iti noa ko te rangatira o te kāwanatanga rahi i roto i te ao - Russia. mate ia, ka ko ia e rua tekau-whitu anake tau, me te whakamutunga ki te i kite ona kanohi - tenei iti matapihi kuiti o tetahi whare, i waiho i te whare herehere mo reira, a papaki ana kitea i muri te muru i to◊eto◊ee te rangi raki nga kapua. Ko tenei te hua o te tukipoto whare, i te hua i roto i te tamahine kake te torona o Pita ahau - Elizaveta Petrovna.

Ko te taitama John V uri wahine

I mua i te tīmata tatou korero e pā ana ki te hunga Anna Leopoldovna i hītori Russian, kia mārama ai he aha te pā ana i reira ki te whare Romanovs. Huri i te reira i roto i taua i te hāngai te nuinga. Kei te mohiotia te reira e i 1682 ki te 1696 i roto i te torona Russian noho e rua noa Ariki - Pita ahau me tona teina ko Hoani i te V, nei i rima tamahine: Meri, Theodosia, Catherine, Praskovya ko Anna. Ka waiho te whakamutunga i roto i 1730, te Empress a ka kingi ia mo tekau tau. Ko tētahi atu wahine, he tamahine a Hoani te V, Catherine, te whaea o te wahine pūrotu o to tatou aamu - he rangatira i mua nei, te Regent Anne Leopoldovna, e te kupu kua he māngai ki tonu i-parirau o te Whare kingi o Romanov. No reira, i nga mana katoa ki te torona tana tama Ivan.

Fanauhia i Anna Leopoldovna Hakihea 18, 1718 i roto i te pa iti Tiamana o Rostock. Ko tona papa Karl Leopold Duke o Mecklenburg-Schwerin, me tona whaea, kia rite ki whakahuatia i runga ake, te mua Russian Hoani tamahine a te V, Princess Ekaterina Ivanovna. I roto i te rangatira o Russia heke mai ka haere mai ka ko ia wha tau, a ki konei whakaae ia 'Ofotokisií. Tona whaea ko he irāmutu aroha nei kingi i roto i nga tau o te Empress Anny Ioannovny, a ka tango ia tiaki o tona ohake, vahe'i reira ki tetahi o nga whika tino rangatira o te Academy o Sciences - Kondraty Ivanovich Genningeru. Mai i 1731, ka anga ia ana akoranga, engari wha tau anake te roa o ratou, rite i roto i te 1735-th reira ko he kōrero whaiāipo e mutu tona mahi.

Faatiaia me takoha te faaipoiporaa o Maiden

I roto i te whakapaipai o te kingitanga hou tae Saxon karere - Count Moritz Carl Linar. Tenei Pākehā ataahua fakaofoofa i taua wa ko toru tekau-toru nga tau, a ka hinga te kuao Princess Anne Leopoldovna i te aroha, kahore mahara. Tona kaitohutohu Kondraty Ivanovich i roto i te matau, me te kaha whai wāhi ki te whanaketanga o te pūrākau. Hohoro i reira nga hau e pā ana ki te marena taea. Ko te raruraru ko e ko kua Anna tane mōhiohio - Duke Anton Ulrich, ko wai etehi hoki reira, arata'ihia e te anaanatae o te taata, te Empress. Ako e pā ana ki te whaiaro e pai-o te kuao irāmutu, ko tangata mārō Russian riri, a ka tonoa he karere-whaiaipo i roto i o Russia, me te ki ta o hinana - Kondrati Ivanovich - nekehia atu i te tari. Heoi, e kore te mea i runga i ano te take, engari haere tenei whakahaere i runga i.

E whā tau i muri i te mau ohipa whakaahuatia ka mau wahi te marena Anny Leopoldovny ki na kinongia na tona taumau - Antonom Ulrihom, Duke o Brunswick-Lüneburg. Celebrations whakatapua ki tenei hui, taa ê whakapaipai faahiahia, a ka puritia i te huihuinga nui o te iwi. I roto i te kupu pekanga marena mea Archbishop Ambrose (Yushkevich) - he tangata nei i faataahia ki te tākaro i te wāhi tino hira i roto i te ora fakalotu me tōrangapū o te whenua i roto i te kingitanga o Elizabeth. He tau i muri mai, i te tokorua taitamariki he tama, i Ivan Nō te iriiri.

Ko te mutunga o te rangatiratanga Anny Ioannovny

Ko 1740. I roto i te aamu Russian, kua riro ia i te maha o ngā nui, ko te nui tino o nei ko te mate o te Empress Anny Ioannovny, i haere mai 17 (28) o Oketopa. I roto i tana i pai ai, korerotia ana e ia te kainga ki te torona, te tama hou Anny Leopoldovny - Ivan, he Regent hoki ia ki te whakarite i tona tino Ernsta Ioganna Biron. Ki runga ki pa te tau e tika ana, ko te kainga taitamariki ki te hei i te tsars Russian John VI.

Me kï reira e, kia rite ki te tamahine o Tsar Ivan te V, e mate i kino Kohara Empress tona teina Pita ahau me nga ope katoa whakahē ki, hoki te tangata o ana tama ka mau ki runga ki te torona. Hoki tenei take, he mea i roto i tona e pai kī e haere i roto i te hui o te mate o te kainga ki te taitara matau ki te karauna te tamaiti i muri-matamua o tana irāmutu tino - Anna Leopoldovna. Mō te kaitono mo te pou o te Regent mō te emepera iti a ia kahore feaa. i meinga e ratou tona tino roa - Biron.

Otiia e whakarau kua whakaritea e te kore. Mooni i nga ra tuatahi o tona kingitanga fehangahangai ia fakafepaki kaki, whakarōpūtia huri noa nga matua o te kainga iti. He ko noa he e whakatakotoria ki te turaki i te ta'emanakoa e te iwi i roto i te kaimahi rangitahi. I te matenga o te tope ko te tane Anny Leopoldovny - Anton Ulrich. Heoi, ko te he ratou kino, a hohoro ka mohiotia ratou whakaaro ki te Tari o te rangatira o te A. ngaro I. Ushakovu. Ko te tangata ka makona pūmahara, me te kitenga i te taea Etat tukipoto d'tenei kaitiaki ariki, i iti ai e te meka e anake ōkawa "riria" i te he.

kaimahi rangitahi turakina

Heoi, ka mate ture o Biron. I te po o Noema 9, 1740 i roto i te whare moenga, te wahi okioki rangimarie Regent me tana wahine, ka uakina e koimutu te tatau. piri ia he rōpū o hoia, arahina e Field Marshal Hristoforom Minihom, oati he hoariri o Biron me kaitautoko Anna Leopoldovna. Ko te tino katoa-kaha mua, kitenga whakaurua, ua ite ahau e ko te mutunga tenei, a kore whai i te wehi, ngōki i raro i te moenga, te tino e e ia kia whakamatea. Heoi, ko te he ia. hoatu Regent ki te faahee, ka tangohia ki te kaipuke.

I maoro aru e te marae i roto i nei whakawakia Biron te o ngā hara. O te akoranga, i whakaaro te nuinga o ratou i. Ko te tino hāngai ki te wairua o te wā te whakawa - quartering. Heoi, ka ora ake te tangata rawakore, ka rongo ia i kauwhautia e ia he murua, ka whakakapia te whiu e te tohutoro ki Pelym kei o maile i St Petersburg e toru mano. Otiia i roto i te kingitanga o Empress Elizabeth e whae aroha whakawhiti ia ki Yaroslavl, a te mutunga meinga Biron Pita III i te pane, i hoatu ki a ia hoki nga metara katoa me Tohu Hei. I roto i te torutoru ake nga tau, whakahokia Catherine II te Regent mua o tika i runga i no ki a ia kotahi te Duchy o Courland.

Ko te haere mai ki te mana, me te putanga o te tino kino

Na, ka peia te kaimahi rangitahi kinongia i te whare, a ka ka tangohia te poari kāwanatanga ki runga i te whaea o te rangatira karauna. Regent ko Anna Leopoldovna. Romanovs whakahaere i te ahua o te raina Kingi Hoani V, poto puta i runga i te tihi o te kāwanatanga o Russia. I te timatanga o te muri 1741 i roto i te ora i te wahine o te taitamariki i te hui koa: i roto i haere mai Petersburg hou i whakaritea karere Saxon Carl Linar - tona wa tawhito, me te kore i ki whakamatao i raro aroha. whāngai tonu Anna Leopoldovna, ka tonu ia tona tino.

Ka rite ki marenatia te rangatira i, na tona hononga kia whai ratou ki te ū ki etahi paerewa. noho Linar i roto i te whare e tata ana te Summer Garden, te wahi i taua wa noho i roto i te Summer Palace, Anna. Ki te whakarite i tētahi kupu rawaka mo tona aroaro i roto i te whare, i whakaritea e ia tona oberkamergerom aroha. I maoro te horapa ki te wāhi i whakawhiwhia te tino i rua whakahau Russian runga te aroha teitei - Andreya Pervozvannogo me Aleksandra Nevskogo. Hoki i riro ia ratou hua, anake i taea e te marae imi.

Maoro, Heoi, tukua Anna Leopoldovna tona aroha ki te wawao i roto i te mau ohipa kāwanatanga nui me kihai i tangohia e tetahi whakatau, kahore kōrero ia. A, no te riro ia mea huna Linar he ahua matua i roto i te whawhai ki te rōpū marae, vēkeveke ki te whai wāhi Russia i te Pakanga o te tauatanga Austria. I roto i aua tau, tamata he maha o whenua Pākehā, korero ana poriro te pai ai o te Austria Emperor Charles VI o, tangohia o te taonga o te whare o Habsburg i Europe. Ko tēnei whanonga o te karere Saxon meinga riri i roto i rangatira matua, nana nei i wehi i te putanga o te mata hou i roto i tona Biron.

Wehenga i Linar

I roto i te tikanga ki te hopoia ketia Tiwihana here i tautohetia rerekē haere, Anna Leopoldovna (Empress, i muri katoa) i ki te haere ki te taea, e, Heoi, i taea e kore tetahi e takihala'i. Hei tauira, ko reira te raumati o 1741 mowhiti Linara ki tona ruma-pononga o te honore, me te hoa tata o Baroness Juliana Mengden. Ko, hoko i te tane, ia, Heoi, i taea e kore te tomo mana te mahi Russian, rite kaupapa noho Saxony. Ki te whiwhi te tukua e tika, i Noema o te taua tau ka haere a Linar ki Dresden.

I mua mahue, ko ia te tangata o te kite, fakatokanga Anna Leopoldovna o te ngana taea ki te hopu i te mana o nga kaitautoko o Elizabeth tamahine a Pita ahau. Heoi, i haere ia ki te hoki mai hohoro, ka tango i nga mea katoa i raro i te mana. I roto i te pekanga, e kore ratou i mohio e mea poroporoaki ake. A, no te ka riro i te whakaaetanga e hiahiatia ana i te kāwanatanga o Saxony, Linar i Noema o taua tau, ka hoki ia ki a St. Petersburg, ka i roto i Königsberg i tatari ia mo te rongo o te puke Anny Leopoldovny me rironga ki te torona o Elizabeth. haere mai pono tona kino i wehi ai ...

Te tamahine o Pita te matenga o te Guard

ka mau wahi tukipoto d'Etat i runga i te po o Noema 25 (Hakihea 6) i roto i te 1741. I taua wa, i whakapumautia te ope tōrangapū matua e Pita te Guard nui. Taea ki te fakanofo 'a dethrone ia, kua ua ite kē ia tona kaha i roto i Hui-tanguru 1725. Na i runga i ona pēneti haere mai ki te mana, te pouaru o Pita ahau - Catherine I. Na inaianei, mā te whakamahi i te meka e Anna Leopoldovna, i whakaohokia amuamu whānui ki te tikanga, te haafaufaa ore i te mana o te Guard, whakahaere Erihapeti ki te kukume ki tona taha kei roto i St Petersburg Preobrazhensky wiki.

I taua po nō mo te rangatira Russian ataahua 31-tau-tau Elizaveta Petrovna, tahi e toru rau me waru grenadiers puta i roto i te Winter Palace. Te kore te whakaminenga ātete ki hea, tae ratou te whare moenga, te wahi okioki rangimarie Anna Leopoldovna me tana tane. ua faaite Regent wehi i pā ana ki tona hurihanga me te hopu. Nga kaititiro o tenei scene muri korerotia e ka mau Erihapeti i runga i te ringa kei roto i te ruma kotahi, ka oho e te kainga-tau haruru-tawhito ohorere ki te torona, ata muhumuhu: ". Ko te tamaiti meapango" i mohio ia e ai ta ia.

Ara o inanahi te rangatira Cross

Ko te kupu, i mauheretia te whānau Brunswick, tae atu Anna Leopoldovna. kihai i Empress Elizabeth he tangata nanakia. Kei te mohiotia te reira i e i roto i te timatanga ko ia ki runga ki te unga ratou herehere ki Uropi me te iti - na, i te iti rawa, i mea ai i roto i te Faaiteraa, i korerotia ana e ia ia Empress. kuini whakakorea Anna Leopoldovna ki te whānau kua poto tonoa ki te Riga Castle, i reira pau ia he tau i roto i te anaanatae o te haere noa i fafauhia. Otiia ohorere ke te mahere hostess Winter Palace hou. Ko te take i kitea St. Petersburg i he he mona, ko tona whāinga ko ki te turaki Erihapeti me te tuku o te kainga tika o Ivan Antonovich.

ka te reira kitea e ka tonu i te whānau o Brunswick ki haki he, taea katoa, reira araunga he tetahi ati. I faatiti'aifarohia te whakarau Anny Leopoldovny. I roto i te 1742, i whakawhitia nga herehere ki te pa Dünamünde (e tata ana Riga), me e rua nga tau i muri mai i roto i Renenburgskuyu pa, i ko i te kawanatanga o Ryazan. Otiia ara konei kihai ratou i noho roa. muri ka haere mai te marama torutoru ture teitei arahi ratou ki Arkhangelsk mō te puritia atu i roto i te ohu whakapono Solovetsky. I roto i te ōi ngahuru, i roto i te ua ringihia, i tonoa Anna Leopoldovna me tona hapu mate ki te raki.

Otiia i roto i taua tau hukapapa wawe me tupuke tio waho tetahi taea o whiti ki Solovki. I noho nga herehere i roto i te Kholmogory, i roto i te whare o te episekopo rohe, a matatū tiakina, te whakakore i tetahi pea o kōrero ki te ao waho. Tenei ratou tika ake ake ki tana tama, me te kainga. tawhiti Ivan Antonovich i ratou, ka whakanohoia i roto i tetahi atu wahi o te whare, a kihai i muri mai i te matua e pā ana ki a ia i tetahi rongo. Hoki muna nui i whakahau iti ex-Emepara ki te karanga i te ingoa teka Gregory.

Mate me te kawea hōnore

tau tata nei, ki tonu i te pouri, me mau tamataraa, turakina te hauora o taitamariki wahine. mate Regent mua, me te rangatira o Russia ki te mana tonu, i roto i te whare herehere 8 (19) i roto i te Maehe 1746. kauwhautia te take e pā ana o te mate i puerperal kirika, ranei rite mea ratou i roto i nga ra tawhito, "ognevitsa". I raro i hopukina, e kore engari razluchonnaya ki tana tane, ka hoatu e Anna whanau ki wha ngā wā atu tamariki, kihai i nga kōrero o i ora.

Heoi, ko te kōrero Anny Leopoldovny kore mutu. i kawea tona tinana ki te pane, me te ki te hanahana e nui tanumia i roto i te American o Alexander Nevsky pakiki. I tū Funeral rite ki te ture whakaritea e nga tikanga o te tanumanga o tangata no ki te whare kingi. Mai reira, te rārangi e pā ana o āhua o te rangatira Russian tika whakahuatia ko Anna Leopoldovna. Romanov hae o te karakiatia o te mahara o te mau melo o to'na utuafare i nga wa katoa, ara te hunga hoki nei te mate i ratou wāhi.

"Iron Mask" hītori Russian

Ko Ngā fakamamahi te whakarau o Ivan - te kainga ki te torona, i hoatu whanau ki Anna Leopoldovna. Kua whakawhanakehia Bio reira i roto i te ara taua e karanga reira kōrero ara homai Russian tetahi "rino kanohi". i muri tonu i tangohia i te ärai o te kaha e Elizabeth kua kaupae taea katoa ki te whakarite i wareware ai te ingoa o te kainga ki te torona o te whakataka. Ka mau i te tohanga te moni ki tona whakapakoko, ngaro tuhinga e whakahua tona ingoa, a i raro i tautea o whiu nui rāhuitia tetahi haamana'oraa o ia.

Elizaveta Petrovna, ka mau te mana i roto i te tukipoto whare, wehi te pea o te riroraa i te patunga o te wahi tino i muri. Hoki tenei take, i roto i 1756, i whakahaua e ia ki te whakaora i te herehere-tau ma rima i roto i Schlisselburg pa , me te roto i aitua i roto i pilīsone mokemoke. He i tangohia te tamaiti o ara ratou ingoa hou Gregory, ka tuku ki anake rite "he herehere pai-mohiotia." Tino riria ona whakapā ki te e karapoti ana. Kei te pera tino kitea tenei whakaritenga e i roto i nga tau katoa o puritia e kore te herehere i kite i te mata tangata. Ehara i te mea maere e runga i te wā whakakitea e ia tohu o te mate hinengaro.

Top toro i te herehere, me te mate wawe

A, no te haere mai whakakapi Elizabeth ki te Empress hou, Catherine II, a ka mau te mana ki te tautoko o te Guard, kua ia ki te hanga i tona tikanga whaitake nui, whakaaro ia e pā ana ki te taea o te faaipoiporaa ki nei i roto i te pa o te kainga tika ki Ivan. Ki tenei mutunga, tae mai ia ia i roto i Shlisselburgsky whare herehere. Heoi, ka kite te mea kua tae tohu o te ino tinana, me te hinengaro nga tau o puritia mokemoke, Ivan, ua ite ia e taea e te faaipoiporaa ki a ia kia kahore he pātai. E te ara, ka mea te Empress e te herehere mōhio o tona take kingi, e he pukapuka ia, ka hiahia ki te mutunga tona ora i roto i te ohu whakapono.

Ko matara atu i māmā rangatiratanga Catherine II o, a i roto i tona noho i roto i te pa o Ivan te nganatanga maha ki te tukipoto ki te whāinga o te whakatairanga i te reira ki te torona. Ki te mutu a ratou, ka mea te Empress ki whakamate tonu te herehere, ki te mea i reira te mea he tino riri ki tona tuku. A i roto i te 1764, kua whakawhanakehia tenei āhuatanga. Ahu tētahi atu e whakatakotoria i roto i te rarangi o te hoia o te pa Shlisselburg. I ahu te reira i na Rūtene V. Ya Mirovich. Heoi, ka rite te haumarutanga ā-o te casemates tona fatongiá: i patua ratou Ivan Antonovich ki pēneti. haukotia te mate tona ora poto, me te fakamamahi o 5 (16) i roto i te Hōngongoi 1764.

Ko te kupu mutu te ora o enei uri o te Whare kingi o Romanov - he kainga tika ki te torona John VI me tona whaea Anna Leopoldovna, he haurongo poto i mahi rite te kaupapa o to tatou whakahaere. Kahore rapea i whakaritea nga rangatira katoa o Russia ki te mate i te mate maori. ētahi wā ringihia nanakia, pakanga mana kore taki ki te ati pērā i te tetahi i runga i nei e mahara tatou i teie nei. I roto i te kingitanga o Anna Leopoldovna tomo te hītori o Russia hei wāhanga o te wā, tuku ki rite te "Age o makau."