UralZIS- 355M: ngā. Taraka. Ural Automobile Plant ingoa i muri i Stalin

Tumu kōrero hangarau kāinga whakapono e i te ra, ka haere mai te nekeneke Miass pereoo whakamutunga UralZIS- 355M, mutu te wā o te trehtonki zis-5. Ia "tane Ivanovich," rite i tapaina a ia e te iwi. Nei i roto i te pakanga ka ia he kōrero. He aha ka? Ko te take i ko te 355M te whakarerekētanga whakamutunga o te rongonui "Zahara". Ko te mīhini, i te ara, kua riro i te whanaketanga rawa angitu, me te tino motuhake, i te whana pana ki te hoki o te hītori automotive Soviet.

prehistory

I roto i te hinga o 1941, hinonga o Moscow korero, i roto nei ko te Stalin Factory (zis), i whakatahia ki te rawhiti o te whenua ki te pa: Ulyanovsk, Chelyabinsk, Miass. Whiringa 30 te taua tau, i hanga he whakatau i runga i te kaupapa timataria te Miass Factory №316 i roto i te Paruru Komiti State (GKO), whai wāhi i roto i te hanga o pōma, tahuri, ka whakamahi i te whakaurunga hanga o te whakapaipai o ngā whare me ngā hanganga, ki te whakarite i te hanga o engines mō AUTOMOBILES me wā Armoured.

I roto i te April 1942, kua kawea te mahi i roto i - roaa whakato. He tau i muri mai, te whakatau i runga i T-pire, te tipu panoni anō-tatari - i roto i te kuiti-kaupapa whakaputa taraka. Hoki tenei tipu whakaminenga i Ulyanovsk te wahi i whakawhitia kohia trehtonki zis-5B ki Miass. Mai taua taime ra, e arotahi ana te mana katoa o te wheketere motokā hou i runga i te hanga o taraka.

Ural "Iawana"

Hōngongoi 8, 1944 ka puta mai nga kuwaha wheketere te tuatahi Ural "Zahara", engari i raro i tona ake ingoa - UralZIS- 5B.

ko taa trehtonki Miass e i roto i rite ki te tauira Moscow o te taraka māmā me iti ki te rohe. Ki te mahi i tenei, takatakahia parirau ki āhua porotaka nekehia atu i te hanganga i te maka ana i roto i te wahi o paiherea T-āhua. Roto fale paparuatia clapboard. Metal papa rere, me te wira niao i whakakapi i te rakau, rino ngā paki paru - i runga i kahupapa, mahue rama e rua te maui anake (taraiwa o). Heating fare pūnaha me te tatau matapihi kahore inaianei e tāuta. mahi pūnaha wahia anake i runga i te auri muri.

Taua mehua tukua ia mīhini ki te whakaora 124 kg o whārangi whakarewa e he rawa nui te whawhai. I tua atu, i te awhina o te mīhini, tahi ki te pūkaha 77-horsepower zis-5m, nui haere ona akiaki i 35%, me te ka economical te taraka Ural ki 10-16% whakaritea ki te Moscow ZiSami.

Ehara i runga ki te rā

I muri hoki mai Plant ingoa i muri i Stalin i hōneatanga ki to ratou whare, ki te tari pa whakawhanake atu "tane Ivanovich," haere i roto i te ara e rua rerekē: i roto i Moscow zis-5 te tuatahi puta ki te zis-150, ka ki nga zis-164, a roto i nga zis-164A (tauira takawaenga ) i roto i nga zis-130. E ko, ko te ahunga whakamua i raro i te ara. I roto i te Miass e kohia tonu tatou tawhito zis-5B.

E riro te reira tano ki te mea e kore UralZIS- e tamata ki te whakapai ake "Zahara". I 1947 i timata te Urals whakawhanake UralZIS- 353 - trehtonki ake. tonu te mahi tae noa ki 1951, engari i reira ko te raruraru rewakore: e ngana ana ki te maka o te, kapa t tawhito-pupuku, kua tae mai kaihoahoa ake ki te kōwhiringa e titiro rite ki nga zis-150, Heoi, ki te hanga poru mo tona production rangatū i roto i ngā āhuatanga ngā i tino uaua. Ka rite ki te hua, i totitoti mahi i runga i te kaupapa.

mehua rangitahi

Mai kihai i mahi i te mīhini hou ki te whakaoti, a ka he tawhito zis-5 i runga i kaute katoa, i whakaritea e te reira ki te tīmata production i runga i te pūtake rangitahi, he taraka tohua UralZIS- 5m.

Waho, te reira i whakaritea e kore e rere ke i te "Zahara", no te mea ka u tonu te motokā piha tawhito-kāhua, anake i porotaka nei nga parirau, āhua kaunuku, rite ki te tetahi i i runga i te waka i mua i-te pakanga. Otiia i roto i te taraka i puta ke ahau he rota.

New "hau" hoki taraka tawhito

Tuatahi o te katoa, te whakarerekē "Iawana" kua he pūkaha whakahoutia, e kua pai ake: ratchet me upoko rango, piston konumohe tāuta me te Carburetor hou. Ngātahi, hanga tenei reira taea ki te huri i te ōwehenga kōpeketanga, i tana whakaarahanga i te reira ki te 5.7 (te mua i 4.6), e tika ana ki tenei nui haere te mana o te pūkaha (i 76 ki te 85 l. C.) Na te 7% whakaiti i roto i te mana wahie kohi. Ko te tere runga o te mīhini nui haere e 10 km / h, a inaianei ko 70 km / h.

i roto i te taraka hoahoa whakatinanahia te hinu rere para, poraka pūkaha whakamahana, whakarato tuatahi engine tīmata-ake o te ahumahi, tae noa ka huka i raro 20 nekehanga ano; taputapu urungi hou; wahie tank 110 rita; i 12 nāianei hiko; me te maha o te tahi atu whakapainga iti. E te ara, kua tangohia te nuinga o nga innovations ki te wheako "353rd".

Whakatutuki "353rd"

I te 1956 i ia te whai wāhi ki te mahi ki a UralZIS- 353 ki te neke, te mutunga, i te wāhi mate. I tenei wa, i te mahi i te Gorky Automobile Plant i runga i te GAZ-62. I te tīmatanga, whakamaheretia kaihoahoa hoki tenei tahora taraka pānati. Na reira, ko te piha iho he putanga paku waihanga o te tauira o te GAZ-51. Otiia hohoro whakarerea. faaoti Gorky ki te whakamahi i te pailati, e pai kia whakanohoia ki runga ki te pūkaha. Heoi, mo te tuatahi, putanga paopao, i rite pane, a inaianei kihai i ratou i roto i te tono.

AA Lipgart - kaiwhakaako Bauman University, i mua te tino kaihoahoa o hau, me he kaipūkaha i te wheketere i Miass, pai mōhio o nga raruraru o nga Urals. Ko ia te tangata e tohutohu te tikanga kē i pane GAZ te tuku hoa i UralZIS-, i meatia.

Car UralZIS- 355M

Ki te rironga o te kapa hou UralZIS- 353 a ka tetahi tohu i taua - "355M". Ahakoa whakaaro tenei motokā i te whakapai ake o te koroheke "tane Ivanovich," i roto i te meka te taua i ngā he tauira taraka hou. noho tata tonu, i.e. te rite i o zis-5 (3842 mm) Wheelbase, engari te āhuatanga taketake UralZIS- ke 355M, te nuinga e tika ana ki roa ki te 470 mm te tinana pūhara. Mai te mea e tika ana ki te kaha utanga-amo nui haere o te mīhini (ki runga, ki te 3-5 toni) tenei hurihanga, me te tinana ano, me tona whakapuru ki te tahuhu kua whakakaha mo tenei whakaaro ki te whakamahi i te hanga mārō, me te tapawhā atu pākaha. E te ara, āhua UralZIS- 355M, te piha i te mea he putanga paku puta o te GAZ-51, tahi ki ko te tinana hou rite te tupu i roto i te rahi, "Lawn."

Ao hou, o te nekeneke "355 th"

pūkaha whakahoutia o te taraka hoki ko he whakahounga nui: kua whakamahia te kaihoahoa te reira i roto i te matenga puoto mākū ki nui haere tatau irava, me crankcase ventilation. I roto i te tua, he kōtaha haere whakarerekētia o te haere, ake pūnaha whakahinuhinu, a whakaurua ki te poraka puoto anti-waikura Ōseni. Eke i runga i kawau hake te hiri hinu muri tutakina mai leakage o te hinu i te crankcase i roto i te whanau i zis-5 te ngoikoretanga tūturu. Whakapai ake tikanga puku apatoko tino heke haruru i roto i te mahi pūkaha. I roto i te whānui, heke Whakahōu powertrain UralZIS- 355M tona taimaha e 30 kg.

Ētahi atu huringa i hanga ki te hoahoa o te taraka

Kua te tuku kua tino pai ake packings pouaka hau, whakamahia whakapakaritia pupuri topenga, i roto i nei roa-mutu te toru taputapu, i te mea he maha te take i roto i te "Tohara". I tua atu, ko te CPT atu ïa fakatefito ki te faatura ki te kawau hake pūkaha.

Kihai i tohungia e te faafariuraa me hanga o piriti UralZIS- 355M. Mua i whakapakaritia wae kaurori, me te whakamahi i te hinu hokohoko. Nā ki te meka i e kua nui haere te taraka hou ara wira mua, hei hoki kurupae ripeka uehā roa. I te auri muri, ko whakaturia he constructors ārahi i te reducer taonga me te ararewa i raro i nga nihowhiti taha, me te huri i nga kapu tīaroaro pārōnaki.

hanga te whakatārewatanga mua i roto i te puka o te puna rau elongated ki ru absorber, i hanga reira tino ngohengohe. Rear, i runga i te anga ke, kua meinga uaua tika ki te rahi nui haere ngā rau ripeka-wāhanga podressornikov.

Ki te whakapai ake i te huri mai o te waka, ka whakaturia ki te tikanga urungi hou ki te kinematics māmā me te ōwehenga taputapu o 20.5: 1 (v zis-5, ko reira 15.9: 1).

I tua atu, whakamahia UralZIS- 355M kotahi-waea pūnaha 12-wae hou, whakaturia Front me pātene waewae-teka whakakā marama (tawhiti-tata), te pūmana tānga ki tohu aronga. Hoki ngaue'aki po i raro i te araa tāuta rama. I tua atu, kua te rōpū me'angāue kua whakahoutia, a reira ko te raiti fare tuanui.

whakarato te taraka patency pai ake te whakawātea, āu nei te koki urunga-putanga (44 nekehanga - te mua, 27.5 - muri), me pai ake ngā āhuatanga te pamu o te pūkaha.

UralZIS- 355M: ngā whakaritenga hangarau

Ko ratou e whai ake:

• tātai Wheel - 4x2.
• Dimensions - 6290 mm x 2280 mm x 2095 mm.
• Whakawātea te whenua - 26.2 mm.
• Wheelbase: muri - 1675 mm, Front - 1611 mm.
• Ko te pūtoro o te hurihanga (waho) - 8.3 mita.
• taimaha kerekere - 7050 kg.
• Aukati i taimaha - 3400 kg.
• Ututaumaha UralZIS- 355M - 3500 kg.
• Engine mana - 95 l / s.
• kaha Fuel tank - 110 rita.
• Consumption o penehīni - 24 rita / 100 km.
• tere mōrahi - 75 km / h.

production rangatū o te motokā hou

Ahakoa te meka e UralZIS- 355M kia roa tamata ki te hoatu ki production, i whakaritea ai tuatahi ki te tuku i tetahi anake tau (1959), a ka anake i roto i te tikanga ki te whakatika katoa haumi mua i roto i te utu te reira. Heoi, kihai i te tauira waiho te rārangi whakaminenga mo te whitu tau, matua e tika ana ki te aro mātai kiritaki teitei.

I tua atu, i te hoahoa o te motokā ia wā tāpiri etahi whakapainga: i roto i te 1959 - whakakapi te ringaringa kaho cardan retireti i ki te whanau ngira, 1960 - i roto i te whakatārewatanga mua hei utu o nga absorbers hua ru tawhito kua whakapumautia pai - telescopic, 1961 - ventilation crankcase ka te reira kati.

Ahakoa maha whakapainga āpiti, te ahua o te mīhini noho te taua, ki te kahore, ki te huri i ngaro te tuhituhinga whakarāpopototanga "zis", a inaianei titiro ia rite - "UralAZ". Ahakoa i roto i atekōkiri taraka tonu "Iawana," i huaina ai "Urals" ranei atu.

Akatuke'anga "Urals"

whakaputaina e te wheketere i te whakahoutia, ahakoa he reira pono ki te mea, he hou "Zahara", i roto i te rua putanga: UralZIS- 355M - poari, me te tuarua - te tahuhu tika, e te tino maha whakamahia i raro i te tank.

Mai "Uralets" pakari ki te papatipu āhua-e pā ana pani taea e rima taranata, me moni tūturu me ki e iwa, ka te maha whakamahia tenei motokā rite te tarakihana semitrailer.

i roto i te tono hoki i hoki UralZIS- 355M - rakau, tauaru - whakakorenga. I tua atu ki te katoa o te runga ake, i whakamahia te tahuhu 'Zahara' rite te mīhini taurite, waka, tāke assenizatorskaya, teihana compressor. I roto i 1958 te Urals tukua noa putanga puku-wira katoa o te taraka, Heoi, ko te iti rawa me te nuinga i roto i te putanga Tipper te mīhini rōpū.

I roto i te tau 1960 i roto i katatānga i te pūtake o kohia pahi UralZIS- 355M ki 40 tūru, me te pereoo-momo. I roto i te poto, ka tahuri te motokā i miasstsev i ki kia tino angitu, ahakoa te meka e reira ko he whakarerekētanga anake o te trehtonki zis-5 tawhito.

Ki te wahi e hiahia ana koe

production 355 tau rangatū o te tuatahi orua ki te whanaketanga o nga whenua wahine, me te ropaka, na te motokā te nuinga ka tono tangata ki a Siberia, te Far Te Tai Rāwhiti, me te i roto i te katatānga. I roto i te wahi pokapū, me te hauauru o te USSR tukua te motokā i roto i ngā rahinga iti. I roto i te 1962, ka tonoa te rōpū o taraka i roto i te putanga kaweake ki Afghanistan, a Finland.

Tapeke tipu pereoo hua 192 mano o enei mihini. Na roto i te paerewa o te hanga papatipu o ririki, Heoi kua whakapumautia te motokā iho rite te tiaki iti, tino mīhini pono, me te pakari, ki te nui, rite ki te paerewa, te kaha amo. Ahakoa te tauākī i roto i nga taranata TTX 3.5, rawa, kahore ruwha, ko ia e mau ana, a e rima taranata o te utanga. aroha Atekōkiri ia me whakapai whakatairite, no te mea i taua wa he taraka iti taea whakamanamana i te aroaro o te whakamahana kapa. whakatārewatanga Ae, a pai kohia me pūkaha ki te pamu pai tukua te taraiwa ki te ite māia rawa, ara i runga i te ara kino rawa.

I roto i te whānui, UralZIS- 355M, e kore ahakoa riro i te kōrero o te ahumahi pereoo Soviet, Heoi, i taea e pai taau te tūranga o te humarie o te tohutoro, tika me te tapatahi. E kore hoki tetahi no te mea i tono tangata tenei mīhini ki te mahi i roto i te uaua tino i roto i te tikanga katoa rohe te whenua o.

Te motokā whakamutunga atu te aho whakaminenga o te hinonga 16 Oketopa, 1965. I tenei ra, ko te wā o "tane Ivanovich" mutu.

Whakatika ki inaianei i roto i te huru atu iti iho ranei pai noho reira e rua tekau anake e pā ana ki ngā waka, a ka, e kore te mea te nuinga o ratou i raro i tona mana ake ki te neke i roto i te āhua, me ki hanga kore ko ratou taea. A no te mea katoa e kore e taea e kitea te wahi i runga i te pūkaha. O te akoranga, tonu whakahaere etahi kaimahi ki te tāuta i raro i te araa o te ZIL pūkaha engari i ngaro i taua taketake me te uara o te motokā.