Whariki: definition, hoahoa. whakaaro Angamaheni o kakahu ara o rori pa

Āhua papa ara noa, i runga i nei te kaupapa waka, huna te hanganga matatini o te maha paparanga. He ona ake ture o ngā pūrere, ngā āhuatanga me ngā take hangarau ia apa. Ka taea te whiwhi ngā mahi kounga o paparanga katoa te paninga haumaru, me te roa. Tenei ka waiho i te papa, i te kupu hanga he hanganga taketake mo te kaupapa o waka.

Ko te ariā taketake o te papa kohatu

maha hanga huarahi pūtake uku raima me te sima raima. I roto i te wā e rua, kia rerekē te āhuatanga uwhi, ngā hautau pakaru, onepu, me ētahi atu taima. Mau, e taea te whakaaro te hanganga oti o taua coatings rite ki te whariki oti. Whakatau i whakarato te huinga noa o paparanga paninga, engari mahi ia paparanga rite te wāhanga hangarau motuhake mo e te pūrere whakaritenga motuhake. Ki te whakarite i te tika o te paninga tika ki te whakarato i te tikanga i raro i nei āhuatanga hanganga puta i roto i te ngaohiko i te waka e kore e faaitoito pānga kino i runga i te hanganga. Hei whakatutuki i tenei taea tātaitanga pai o nga āhuatanga hoahoa e hanga hangarau i mua i te mahi rori.

He aha te tangohia ki pūkete i roto i te hoahoa o te papa kohatu?

E hangaia tauira angamaheni i rite te kapinga ao, me te ki rori tāone me ara whenua. Aita e hi'oraa e, tenei ara huarahi ranei. tangohia te whanaketanga kaupapa e ki pūkete te taumata o te waka kiato, nga āhuatanga o te rauemi e whakamahia ana, te kawenga, tikanga hydrological me te oneone, me ētahi atu āhuatanga e pā ana i te mahi o papa huarahi me turanga. I roto i te ara kore-mārō hanganga hipoki whakaratohia ki te rōrahi iti o tāpae paparanga. I roto i ngā, i te hoahoa o te papa ara o tenei momo tā te tātai o te deflection tīkina i te uhi kino i te wāhi o te tirohanga o ngā āhuatanga o waho, wā o te tau. tātai deflection Reversible te rite ki te āhuatanga taketake taua - te uara tawhiti o elasticity.

e hoki ki te pūkete te ātete o te papa o runga o te oneone whenua, i roto i te heke mai ka kia whakatakotoria te turanga. Hoki tenei tikanga tawhā kutikuti whakahaere uara ahotea. Ki te kia meinga tetahi o nga paparanga o te ine i ngā paerewa taurite i roto i ngā o te kutikuti tukanga deformation wäriu, kia ngā te hanganga papa kohatu huringa i roto i te hanganga mā te tāpiri plasticizers hou me ngā wāhanga hangarau e whakarei te rigidity o te tukutuku turanga.

momo papa

E wehea whakaaro angamaheni katoa o kakahu ara ki e rua ngā kāwai - mārō, me te kore-mārō. I roto i tenei tauira tā ia taputapu tukanga paninga te whakamahi o tohu motuhake makuku, matotoru, te rahi o te hautanga onepu, pakaru me ngā āhuatanga whānui o te turanga sima-onepu. Ko te kupu, ko te uara tawhiti whenu whenua ki runga ki te hoahoa rānei kia he toharite o 300-500 kgf / cm ^2. Ka rite ki te mea taea te okotahi ki hua hoahoa mana'o kahore pūrere apa onepu hoki te pana. I roto i tenei take, kawea hianga i roto hīkoi kore-mārō hangaia mō te whakapanga i roto i te one one, me te onepu. Ko te uara tawhiti o te elasticity o te anga taua taea tae 1200 kg / ^cm2. hoahoa rerekē me te maha o te tukanga papa. kia waiho te kakahu e rua-apa CONDENSED tenei, a ka hipokina hoki 5-6 papa. Tei runga i te tikanga taiao o te kaupapa me ngā taea te tāpiri i ngā papa atu, pērā i te mahi insulator.

hoahoa papa kohatu Angamaheni

He wae nui i roto i te whakapai ake o te hanganga tāone me te poromu. pā ana Ko tōna paninga hoki ki ngā momo o te papa kohatu, engari o te akoranga, ki ētahi atu āhuatanga hangarau me te mahi, hangaia hoki tiriti hokohoko. Construction o poke i roto i ngā rohe rerekē e kore e pera rerekē ki tetahi ki tetahi, tikanga rite makariri i runga i to ratou uhi i te pānga iti. Otiia, e te hoahoa ki te pūkete te kāwai o te huarahi, tona whakaaro, te kaha o te tiriti waka, āhuatanga whenu whenua, kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki te huru o te poromu ki te halá. kia kia te kitenga te puka paerewa o te hanganga papa i roto i te oneone whakapakaritia whakamahi uku me te sima slurries. I roto i ētahi wā, te whakamahi o te mau papaa parau uku me te uku, me te ngoikore i runga i te pūtake o te kohatu tūturu. I roto i tenei tāpae e taea te whakamana i roto i ngā papa maha rite ko te take ki te rori tikanga.

papa pūtake

Pea ko te wahi tino tino o te hoahoa whānui tenei mai takoto reira mahi topcoat kōpaki ki te whenua, me te tohatoha kawenga. I roto i te mahi, i te anga tono whakarato te maturuturunga iho ngaohiko i te wira pānga, te whakawhiti i te pūmanawa mana i roto i te oneone. Ko te kupu, hangaia e te turanga i te utu o te taupoki whenua te ahua o te pānga ru-ngongo. Otiia e kore e he reira tonu he āhuatanga papa turanga e tika ana, i roto i ngā o te tiaki i ngā awenga waho. Hei tauira, kia whai huru maitatai mahi tino pai te apa o raro, engari i raro i te mahi o te wai ka āta kia horo. I te tahi atu te ringa, kia whakaatu ia ātete ki tākiekina makariri, engari he reira kino ki te mahi i tohatoha kawenga. I roto i te tikanga ki te arotau rerekē kaihanga āhuatanga mavahe me papa mahi i roto i te hanganga o te turanga. Ko te kupu, tirohia wehe amo wahi me papa pŭpŭ tauturu. I roto i te hanganga i taua, ko te basecoat he kawenga mō te ātete mīhini, me te paninga atu nga taua pato'ii te rerenga.

runga wahi

hoki te maua e te mata waho i roto i te maha o ngā mahi tino, te matua o te mea te fariiraa tika o kawenga i waka. puta whakapā tika ki te faatura ki ngā rerenga makariri, kia taea te huaina mau huru tiaki i roto i te wahi o runga ao. tutuki Multifunctionality waho paninga te tika ki ngā papa maha rite ko te take ki te wahi turanga. Ko te kupu, i roto i te tikanga ki te whakapiki ake i te ātete ki kapiti i roto i te apa paninga tono wāhanga motuhake nei hanganga geotextile me geogrid, me te whakakē taea ngā cementing. I runga i te mata o te papa kohatu he tukatuka motuhake, e whakaora hoki te paninga i te haumākū, me te hukarere. Haunga mau huru tiaki mahi me te whakapakari i nga āhuatanga piripiri o te mata. tukatuka Motuhake, mo te tauira, Kei te whakamahia hoki ki te whakapiki ake i te roughness me te whakapai ake huarahi coupler ki wira.

paparanga atu

Tei runga i te tikanga whakahaere o te mata ara e taea pā te whānuitanga o ngā āhuatanga kino. Ehara i hoahoa paerewa katoa taea te whakatau pikaunga tiketike, i te tirohanga o te wera, te wai, me te mana aunoa. Hei tauira, te hīkoi kore-mārō i te kaha nui mō te pana wai, me te kore e rapu utu papanga onepu atu, engari kia rapua e ratou āhuatanga kaha amplification. Hoki tenei hanga te apa i waenganui i te wahi kawe me te papa o runga, a ka kua whakatakotoria nga paparanga tukanga interm turanga kiriata polymeric me te whenua.

apa Frost-ātete

I roto i ngā o ngā pānga huarere kino he huka tino kino. Parenga i runga i te mahi i roto i te take o pāmahana subzero whakarato mo te whakamahi o ngā rauemi potakataka, pēnei i onepu, onepu me te kirikiri, para me te puehu. He momo o te mātao taea mahi me te paru turanga ki runga ki i hanga e te papa kohatu e ki te paparanga turanga. Heoi, ki te ārai mīti o te whenua hipoki iti - e kō reira whakapakaritia huānga cementitious me puke hydrophobed me ngā rauemi nepuchinistymi.

apa manga

paparanga Hangarau o tenei momo e whakamahia i roto i te wāhi ki te roadbed o te oneone nedreniruyuschego. kite te whakaurunga whakahauanga o taua ngā i roto i ngā rohe ki te nui ua. Ko te mahi matua o te apa manga ko ki te whakarite pana i te wai. I tua atu, kia kawea hanganga angamaheni hīkoi ara tāone i roto i nei te apa manga he whanaunga teitei ki te hohonu o te mīti i anake i te huka, me ngā rauemi roa.

hē hangarau

Ko te āhuatanga tino mōrearea e taea hua i roto i te whakamahi hē o te pūrere hangarau o te papa kohatu e whakaaro pakaru. I roto i te wā pērā, i reira te mea he mōrearea o oti whakangaromanga o te papanga o te matotoru katoa o te whakakitenga o te hoahoa kōtaha distortion koi. tukanga iti mōrearea tihorenga me te pao, e whakaaro kino mata e tika ana ki te pupū ake me te mate o ngā āhuatanga here o te matūriki takitahi o te whakakī kohuke. hapa noa e kia hoki whakapataritari angamaheni hīkoi hanganga Tāpae te hanganga o kōruarua me huri. Hanganga rire tuwhera hua hoki i roto i te pana oneone o te mata, e hanga te paninga kāore mō te whakamahi.

mutunga

I roto i nga tau tata nei, kua puta ke iti hangarau pūrere hīkoi. Ko te kupu whakataki o te rongoā ahumahi hou e pā matua te tautoko hangarau i roto i te puka o te putanga o te mīhini hou, taputapu, me te taputapu mo te faaineineraa, me te tarapēke o ngā papa rerekē. E whakaritea rauemi o te taua o e hīkoi o rori pa, noho te taua. Kei roto hoki coatings I whakakī sima, onepu me te kirikiri me te uwhi. O te akoranga, e hanga ake me te ake me ngā wāhanga whakakē i hou ki tāpiritanga, engari he ratou pūāhua mata-rite o te hua o ngā āhuatanga whakahaere, me te kore e radically huri i te āhuatanga o whakaaro angamaheni.