Yakub Kolas: biography, auaha

Yakub Kolas, kua ki tonu i te ngā ngā kaupapa nei haurongo, noho tino rawa uaua, engari ko reira kore he ora ātahu. kitea tenei kaituhi te tangata pono faahiahia, i te kāinga kore anake, i roto i Peraruhia, engari ka whānui hoki mohiotia noa atu.
whakaaro Kolas Yakub Mihaylovich te ki hei te kaiwhakarewa o te ahurea Belarusian hou, me te hou. Ko hoki tuwhera he whakaaro iwi hoki i roto i tona wa, i ia ki te utu i te utu nui tiketike. Tenei tangata tata e toru nga tau, te taviniraa i te whiu herehere rite te herehere tōrangapū.

Yakub Kolas -biografiya tangata mīharo

e mohio ana torutoru iwi e te ingoa tūturu o te kaituhi Belarusian -Konstantin Mickiewicz. Ratou pukapuka me mahi te tangata haina te pseudonym, me e he aha i roto i te tuhinga ao, ka mohiotia ia i raro i te ingoa riro -Yakub Colas. timata haurongo o te rohi pehe i roto i te kainga Belarusian iti huaina Akinchitsy. I whanau ia i runga i 03.11.1882, i roto i te forester whānau noa.

Ko reira pea e reira mau metua i taea e amo e i roto o te tamaiti iti noa nei i te tamata i te haapii i te tai'o, ka tuhituhi me te tamarikitanga aroha ki te pānui i, tupu mohiotia Yakub Kolas. Kua nuinga tona haurongo i whakaritea e te meka e te papa, he forester ohie, hanga nga kaha ki te whakarite kia riro tana tama mātauranga tika. Ko reira ano hoki he nui te pānga i runga i a Hakopa ki tona matua keke -Anton. E i taea e ki te faatupu i roto i te tamaiti nui te aroha mo te tuhituhinga ia.

Haurongo: Yakub Kolas -Getting mātauranga me te faaiteraa tuatahi o te taranata

I roto i te 1883, oho te punake heke mai ki tona whānau ki Lastok, te wahi i ia ki te haere i te haapiiraa "haereere" kaiako ko Ales Fursevich. tonu Next Jakub ana akoranga i Nikolaevschinskoy kura. Ko reira i roto i tenei wā i riro ia anaanatae i roto i te mahi o Gogol, Krylov, Pushkin, Nekrasov, Tolositoi me Lermontov. I roto i kaitito kāinga te mana'o rahi i runga i te tamaiti i hanga ana rotarota Janka Lucina. I roto i te 1892, Yakub Kolas, he whakaahua o i te aroaro o te i roto i tenei tuhinga, whakauru i roto i te kura tūmatanui i roto i Nikolaev, a i muri i te 2 nga tau tino pai te puta.

Tona hua rawa tuatahi Colas tuhituhi i te tau o 12 tau. I huaina te reira "Spring", a ka meinga te faaroo tuatahi o tenei irava te papa o te punake -Mikhail Kazimirovich. Ko ia na pai irava tama, e ko ia hoki tenei mahi aroaro Maltsev he RUPO, i taua wa ko e he moni nui.

Tīmata auaha Kolas

I roto i te 1898, ka tomo te tangata taitama nga o te haapiiraa evanelia Nesvizh kaiako, te wahi kaha timata ia ki te whakawhanake i tona haurongo tuhituhi. Yakub Kolas ki te ngākau fakamātoato te tai'oraa i te mahi o Mickiewicz, Shevchenko, Gogol, Koltsov, Franco. I tua atu, ko te reira i te tino hiahia i roto i te pakiwaitara Belarusian, ako ia ka hia kē ka tuhia kōrero Belarusians iho.

I roto i te whakarara, ko ia ia e ngana ana ki te tuhituhi i roto i to ratou reo taketake. Fele, ko ona whiti me te tuhi i te āhua me te ora ohie o kaimahi tuawhenua, e kore nei e kua ngāwari.

Me kï reira e te kaha te awe te kaituhi taitamariki e tetahi o ana kaiako - Kudrinsky. whakaaetia e ia o tona mahi, te tuhi whakarongo ki te meka e faufaa ngā Ko te tuhinga tuhituhia i roto i Belarusian. Taua whakamoemiti i te tangata rongonui whakapumautia anake te hiahia ki te haere tonu Yakub mahi tuhituhi.

tīmata ngā

I te mutunga o te kura nui, he kuao paetahi o te kaiako i roto i Polesie. tonu ia ki te kohikohi i te pakiwaitara Belarusian, tuhituhi ratou ake mahi tāmau whenua, me te i te wa ano mo te wa tuatahi maheni ki te tuhinga hou.

Yakub Kolas tīmata whakahaere a'oraa kaha ki te peasants, e tamata nei ki te kawe ki a ratou te hiahia ki te whawhai mo to ratou mana. Te riroraa te tangata mātauranga, tauturu ia ki a ratou te faaineine tika te pitihana ki kaipupuri whenua rohe. tohu ratou te hiahia ki te whakarato wahi kai whakamahi tūmatanui me ngā roto. kihai i taea e taua mahi haere hia i te mana, a ka rite ki te whiu mo tenei ahua o te mahi, hohoro whakawhiti Mitskevitsa ki te whakaako i roto i te kura tūmatanui Verhmenskoe.

Ko ara i reira, e kore e te kaituhi mutu ratou akiaki. I 1906, ko ia he kaiwhakahaere, me te whai wāhi o te kaiako 'Congress (ture), i mātātoa i kōrero te hiahia mo te hurihanga o te tikanga tsarist. O te akoranga, i pakaru tenei Congress ake i pirihimana, a ko Mickiewicz raro tūhuratanga.

pukapuka Tuatahi me te whare herehere

Kia whakaako-kore, whakaae te kaituhi te tuku mohiotia publicist A. Vlasov me tīmata ki te mahi i roto i te putanga niupepa o "to tatou wahi". Mahuru 1, 1906 i roto i te whare whakaputa mo te wa tuatahi, i raro i te pseudonym Yakub Kolas, whakaputaina Mickiewicz irava.

I tenei wa, kei te haere tonu tatou i te tūhuratanga ki te whakahaere o te Congress kaiako ', ka whiua he kaituhi ki runga ki tona otinga ki te toru tau i roto i te whare herehere. Te taviniraa i te rerenga kōrero i roto i ngā āhuatanga rawa uaua, tonu ia ki te mahi. I roto i te whare herehere, tamata ki whiua te ahua tūmatanui Konstantin Mitskevitsa, he reira piki ka tohe ano a tupu kaha pehe-konohi Kolas Yakub. Poems, pukapuka e kua tuhituhia e ratou i roto i mau herehere, te mutunga ka tona waitohu. Ko roto i te whare herehere, te rohipehe whanau te whakaaro o te tuhituhi pērā mahi rongonui rite:

• "Songs o te amuamu."
• "Whenua New".
• "Haimona-kaiwhakatangitangi".

E taea e ki te tuku i te pai ai enei mahi, a i whakaputaina ratou i roto i te putanga o "Nasha Niva". Ahakoa Na, utua ratou whakarongo ki fakaangá Russian nei tuhia te aroaro o nga mahi o Kolas mea ïa, te nationalism Belarusian me te hinaaro kitea ki humanism. Gorky ia i hoatu e te tata pai o tenei mahi kaha.

Ko te tuku roa-tatali o Hakopa

I muri i tona tuku, i roto i rua tau, whakaako te kaituhi i roto i Pinsk. I roto i tenei wā, ka tutaki ia tana wahine he kaha'ú - Mariey Kamenskoy, a i roto i 1913 marena ratou. I roto i tenei faaipoiporaa noho tahi te tokorua mo te tata 30 tau. Kua tēnei wā kua tino hua i roto i te ora o Mickiewicz, tuhituhia ana e ia he rota, a ko taea ki te whakapumautia iho rite te kaha o te kaituhi Belarusian.

Whai wāhi i roto i te whawhai

I muri i te tīmatanga o te Ao Pakanga ahau rohi pehe i tuhia e ia ki te ope o te Czar. riro ia te ana'iraa o te āpiha whakamana a te tavini ra tona mahi i roto i Perm. Next i tonoa e ia ki te mua Romanian me demobilized i roto i 1917 mō take hauora. No te mea i ia te mātauranga pai kaiako, i tukua e ia ki te mau tonu tona mahi i roto i te wahi ki te noho i roto i te āhuareka pa me te kaiako ki te mahi i reira. I roto i tenei wa whakaputaina e ia tona kohinga o ngā rotarota, e mārama paraparau waea anti-whawhai.

āhukahuka Official o te rohi pehe

I muri i te whawhai, riro Yakub Kolas rongonui whānui, me te āhukahuka. I te tau 1921 ka hoki ia ki a Minsk, te wahi ia mātātoa tuhi, whakaputaina te. rave ia i roto i te mahi pūtaiao, me te kaimahi rite te kaiako. I te tau 1926 ka whakawhiwhia ia ki te taitara hōnore "pehe o Peraruhia o People." E rua tau i muri mai i pōtitia ia rite tumuaki-peresideni o te Academy o Pūtaiao o BSSR. Hoki tona kohinga o ngā rotarota, rua Mickiewicz i whakawhiwhia te USSR State paraihe. I muri te Pakanga II o te Ao, hei kaimahi mātātoa, i pōtitia ia hei kawana o nga Sovietí Hupirimi o te Byelorussian SSR me te USSR. I tua atu, ka te kaituhi i te mema hōnore o te Academy, i mohio e te kaimahi whakahonoretia o pūtaiao. Jakub i roto i tona ora i whakawhiwhia ia maha metara me whakapaipai.

mate o te kaituhituhi

I raro i ture Soviet, hinga maha kaituhi ki ngā whakaaro iwi hoki i raro i te tirotiro tahuri o tinana repressive. Ko ahau kahore okotahi me Yakub Kolas. Tohu riro e reira i te mana Soviet kihai i kaha ki te whakaora i te kaituhi i te whakapae tonu, te patapatai, me te rapu. Tenei nui takahi tona ngākau me te hauora tinana. ka mate te rohi pehe i roto i te tau 1956, ka tanumia i roto i tona whenua kāinga, i roto i te pa o Minsk.