Hanganga ATP me tūranga koiora. mahi ATP

Katoa pūtau i roto i to tatou tinana tango wahi mirioni o tauhohe matüora. E catalyzed ratou e te momo o whākōkī, e maha rapu pūngao. Kei hea ko te pūtau e te reira? Ka taea te whakahoki i tēnei pātai mā te whakaaro i te hanganga o te rāpoi ngota o ATP - te puna nui o te pūngao.

ATP - te puna te ao o te pūngao

tu ATP mō te adenosine, triphosphate adenosine ranei. Ko te taonga, ko te kotahi o rua nga puna tino nui o te pūngao i roto i nga pūtau. He pā ana tata te hanganga me te tūranga koiora o ATP. Ka taea e te nuinga o tauhohe matüora tango te wahi anake ki te whai wāhitanga o ngā rāpoi ngota o te taonga, rawa i roto i pākia kirihou. Heoi, kei te uaua tika wāhi ATP i te tauhohenga mō te takanga o tetahi tukanga titau pūngao, kua rō reira i roto i te here matū o ATP.

Ko te hanganga o nga ngā rāpoi ngota o te taonga pera e mau te hononga hua i waenganui i te rōpū Phosphate te nui nui o te pūngao. Ko te kupu, Kei te karangatia e hoki taua kōrero nui-pūngao makroenergeticheskimi (tonotono = maha tau nui) ranei. Wā here pūngao mō te wā tuatahi whakaurua he kaiputaiao F. Lipman, a kua whakaarohia reira ki te whakamahi ki te tautapa ratou ̴ icon.

He mea tino nui mō te ki te pūtau mau tonu te taumata tamau o ATP. Ko rawa huru o ngā pūtau uaua me muka karere tenei, no te mea he ratou te tino ahua, me ki te whakatutuki i ona mahi rapu i te ihirangi tiketike o te triphosphate adenosine.

Ko te hanganga o ngā rāpoi ngota o ATP

ngā ATP o huānga e toru: ribose me adenine toenga o te waikawa phosphoric.

Ribose - warowaihā, e pā ana ki te rōpū pentose. tikanga o tēnei e te hanganga o ngā ngota ribose 5 waro e kua ngā i roto i te huringa. hono Ribose te ki here β-N-glycosidic adenine ki te ngota waro tuatahi. Hoki honoa ki nga toenga pentose o te waikawa phosphoric i te ngota waro 5.

Adenine - he turanga nitrogenous. I runga anō i te aha te huru o te hauota taketake piri ki te ribose, rite GTP taratahi (guanosine triphosphate), TTP (thymidine), CTP (cytidine triphosphate) me UTP (uridine triphosphate). Ko enei matū katoa rite i roto i te hanganga ki triphosphate adenosine me mahi āhua i te taua mahi, engari kei te kitea e ratou i roto i te pūtau kei te nui iti noa.

Toenga o te waikawa phosphoric. Hei whakanui ribose kia uru toru toenga o te waikawa phosphoric. Ki te tokorua o ratou ranei tetahi anake, aua, he taonga i huaina ADP (diphosphate) ko MAORI (monophosphate). Kei te mutu te reira i waenganui i nga toenga ūkuikui hononga makroenergeticheskie, tukua nei ki runga ki whaturama o i 40 ki te 60 kJ o te pūngao. Ki te he whati nga here e rua, e tu 80, i te iti rawa - 120 kJ o te pūngao. I whati kōrero i waenganui i te moiety ribose me ūkuikui tukua te anake 13.8 kJ, na e rua anake triphosphate rāpoi ngota hononga macroergic (P ̴ ̴ F P), me i te rāpoi ngota o ADP - kotahi (P ̴ P).

Tenei ko te aha e nga āhuatanga o te hanganga ATP. Nā ki te meka e waenganui i nga toenga waikawa phosphoric i hanga hanganga here makroenergeticheskaya me mahi ATP hono.

Te hanganga me te tūranga koiora o ngā rāpoi ngota ATP. āhuatanga atu o triphosphate adenosine

Haunga pūngao, Ka taea e ATP mahi maha atu ngā mahi i roto i te pūtau. Me ki atu triphosphate nucleotide triphosphate whai wāhi i roto i te hanga o te waikawa karihi. I roto i tenei take, ATP, GTP, TTP, CTP ko UTP he kaiwhakarato o turanga nitrogenous. whakamahia ana tēnei taonga i roto i te tukanga o te tukuruatanga DNA me te tuhi.

he tika hoki takere katote hoki ATP. Hei tauira, papua Na-K hongere konutai 3 rāpoi i ngā pūtau me ki te papu pāhare pāporo 2 muingota ki te pūtau. hiahiatia ana tēnei nāianei katote te ki mau tonu te tiaki pai i runga i te mata o te membrane waho, me te whakamahi i ATP hongere anake e taea te mahi tika. Ko te taua pā ki te iraoho me te konupūmā takere.

ATP Ko te kawainga o karere tuarua puni (huringa monophosphate adenosine) - puni e kore anake e whakawhiti i te tohu i whiwhi receptors membrane pūtau, engari he ano hoki he effector allosteric. effectors Allosteric - he matū e tere ake ranei pōturi iho te tauhohe enzymatic. Ko te kupu, inhibits adenosine huringa te whākōkī e catalyzes te wāhinga o reihuka ki te pūtau o te huakita.

Ka taea hoki e ATP muingota ano kia he effector allosteric. Ano, i roto i taua tukanga enemi ATP ADP mahi rite ki te accelerates triphosphate te tauhohenga, ka inhibits diphosphate, a hurihia. Ko nga mahi, me te hanganga o te ATP enei.

Ka rite ki te ATP i hanga i roto i te pūtau

Taumahi me te hanganga o ATP e pera e hohoro whakamahia nga rāpoi ngota o te taonga, me te e ngaro. Na reira triphosphate kōtuitanga - ko te tukanga nui o hanganga pūngao i roto i te pūtau.

E toru tikanga tino nui mo te kōtuitui o triphosphate adenosine:

1. Ko te phosphorylation tïpako.

2. oxidative phosphorylation.

3. phosphorylation.

hāngai tïpako phosphorylation te i runga i tauhohe maha puta i roto i te cytoplasm pūtau. E huaina ēnei tauhohe glycolysis - wāhanga anaerobic o tukupūngao kori tinana. Ka rite ki te hua, synthesized kotahi huringa o glycolysis i te 1 kūhuka muingota e rua ngā rāpoi ngota o te waikawa pyruvic e atu whakamahia ki te whakaputa pūngao, me hoki e rua synthesized ATP.

• C ₆ H ₁₂ E ₆ + + 2ADF 2Fn -> 2c ₃ H ₄ E ₃ + 4H + 2ATF.

phosphorylation oxidative. respiration pūtau

phosphorylation oxidative - ko te hanganga o ATP i whakawhiti o irahiko i roto i te mekameka irahiko waka o te membrane. Ka rite ki te hua o taua whakawhitinga o iraoho rōnaki i hanga i runga i tetahi taha o te membrane me te whakamahi i te huinga o te pūmua ATP wāhi synthase ko hanga rāpoi ngota. e te tukanga wahi i roto i te membrane punaraungao.

Ko te raupapa o hikoinga o glycolysis me oxidative phosphorylation i pungaraungao ko te tukanga whānui i huaina manawa. I muri i te huringa ki tonu i te 1 rāpoi ngota o te kūhuka i te pūtau 36 i hanga te o rāpoi ATP.

photophosphorylation

tukanga Phosphorylation - ko te phosphorylation oxidative taua ki tetahi anake rerekētanga tenei: te tauhohenga phosphorylation puta i roto i chloroplasts pūtau i raro i te mana o te marama. hua ATP i roto i te ahotakakame marama wā - te tukanga taketake o te whiwhi pūngao i otaota matomato, pükohu me etahi huakita.

I roto i te tukanga o te ahotakakame mo te irahiko-waka ngā irahiko mekameka haere taua, hua i roto i te rōnaki iraoho. Ko te kukū o ngā iraoho i tetahi taha o te membrane ko te puna o ATP kōtuitanga. Huihui ngā rāpoi ngota kawea e te synthase whākōkī ATP.

meka Interesting e pā ana ki ATP

- Kei roto i te pūtau toharite 0.04% o te papatipu tapeke o te triphosphate adenosine. Heoi, kitea te nui tino e i roto i ngā pūtau uaua: 0.2-0.5%.

- I roto i te pūtau, e pā ana ki te 1 piriona ngā rāpoi ngota o ATP.

- e kore e ia rāpoi ngota ora neke atu i te 1 meneti.

- whakahoutia Kotahi ATP muingota te rā 2000-3000 wā.

- I roto i te moni, ia ra o te tinana tangata synthesizes triphosphate adenosine 40kg, me i ia wa te take o ATP ko 250 g

mutunga

Kei te tata e pā ana te hanganga ATP me tūranga koiora o ona muingota. Ko te taonga whai wāhi matua i roto i nga tukanga o te ora, no te mea i roto i roto i te here pūngao i waenganui i nga toenga Phosphate te nui nui o te pūngao. ATP rave maha ngā mahi i roto i te pūtau, a reira ko te mea nui ki te mau tonu i te kukū tamau o te taonga. Kei te haere rärangi, me te kōtuitui anō i te tere tiketike, ie. Ki. tonu e nga whanaunga pūngao whakamahia i roto i te tauhohe matüora. Ko te whakauru mahuinga o tetahi pūtau i roto i te tinana. Here, pea, e taea te mea katoa e pā ana ki te mea te hanganga, ko te ATP.