He aha te mea te whakamātautau radiographic? whakamātautau Radiographic o mekameka. whakamātautau Radiographic: GOST

Ko te pūtake o te mana radiation ko te kaha o te karihi o etahi matū (kanoirite) hanehane ki te hanga i ionizing radiation. I roto i te tukanga o te whakangotangota pana te matūriki māmā, e kiia nei ko te radiation ionizing radiation ranei. āhuatanga radiation whakawhirinaki i runga i te momo o matūriki pūmotu tukuna e te karihi.

radiation ionizing Corpuscular

Arepa radiation puta i muri i te parariraa o te karihi taimaha o te haumāmā. matūriki tukuna ngā o te rua o ngā iraoho me ngā iramoe takirua. E ratou he papatipu nui, me te tere iti. E meinga enei e ratou āhuatanga motuhake matua: kătahi iti me te pūngao kaha.

Kei iramoe radiation o rere iramoe. e kore e ēnei matūriki i to ratou ake tiaki hiko. Anake ka taunekeneke iramoe ki te karihi o te katote rauemi i ako irradiated e hanga e, na raro i hanga iramoe radiation tuarua ira piri i roto i te ahanoa irradiated.

Taketake radiation Beta i tauhohe i roto i te karihi pūtau. Ko tēnei huringa o te iraoho ki te iramoe tumuaki tuarua ranei hurihia. I roto i tenei take, kua tukuna irahiko ranei antiparticle - positrons. Ēnei matūriki i te papatipu iti me te tere tino tiketike. Ratou kaha ki te ionize mea he iti, rite whakaritea ki te korakora ārepa.

Ionizing radiation ki te āhua quantum

haere tahi kama radiation e te tukanga i runga emit Arepa me te peta matūriki i te pirau o nga ngota kanoirite. He rere pūaho tukunga, i te mea he radiation hiko. Ka rite ki te marama, kama radiation he āhua poipoi. Kama haere matūriki i te tere o te marama, aua, i te mana hohonu tiketike.

X-hihi hoki he tona tūāpapa i roto i nga ngaru hiko, na ko reira tino rite ki te kama. Hoki i huaina bremsstrahlung. Ko te kaha ongó tei reira ki runga ki te kiato o te rauemi irradiated. Ka rite ki te hihi o te marama rau te reira i te kiriata i runga i te wahi kino. Kei te whakamahia whānuitia ana tēnei āhuatanga o te X-ray i roto i mara ngā o te ahumahi me te rongoā.

Ko te nuinga Radiographic NDT tikanga gamma- whakamahia me X-radiation, e whai āhua poipoi hiko, me ngā iramoe. Hoki te hanga o te radiation te whakamahi i ngā taputapu, me ngā pūrere motuhake.

mihini X-ray

E whiwhi X-hihi te whakamahi i korere X-ray. Tenei karaihe puoto whakarewa-uku soldered ranei, i nei te rangi ruha ki te whakatere i te kaupapa o ngā irahiko. I ngā taha e rua o nga electrodes hono tukunga ki utu ritenga.

Ko te pitoiho - he tōrino o te kakawaea Tungsten, e tataki he kurupae angiangi o irahiko ki te pitoake. Ko te whakamutunga Kei te nuinga o hanga o parahi, kua reira he tapahia matahao i te koki o 40 ki te 70 nekehanga. I roto i te pokapū kua reira he pereti i hanga o Tungsten, he pitoake arotahi pera-ka karanga. tukua te pitoiho te he auau nāianei ia tauutuutu o 50 Hz ki te waihanga i tētahi rerekētanga pea i te amo. taka tika te rere o ngā irahiko i roto i te kurupae i runga i te paraharaha Tungsten pitoake i nei te matūriki nekehanga tino puhoi me oscillations hiko puta. Na reira e huaina hihi Roentgen inhibition. mana Radiographic Ko te nuinga whakamahia X-hihi.

Gamma me te iramoe emitters

He pūtake radiation kama - he āhuatanga iraruke te tikanga kanoirite o konukurahina, iridium caesium ranei. I roto i te pūrere e whakanohoia te reira i roto i te capsule karaihe motuhake.

E whakamana emitters iramoe i roto i te tauira rite, kei te whakamahia te reira i anake i roto i te pūngao o te rere iramoe.

Radiography

E ai ki te tikanga o ngā hua rapunga ki te rerekē radioscopic, radiometric me te mana radiographic. āhuatanga te tikanga whakamutunga e i roto i taua nga hua kauwhata tuhia ki kiriata paraharaha ranei. whakamātautau Radiographic puta na roto i te faaohiparaa i radiation ki te matotoru o te ahanoa te mana. I roto i te whakapakoko mana pūoko ahanoa i raro nei puta i runga i nei wahi me whiu puta hē taea (kōwhao, kōputaputa, kapiti) arā, o feāvaaki ki tonu i te rangi, mai i ionization o matū rerekē, ka puta kiato irradiated inhomogeneously.

Hoki rapunga o te whakamahi te motuhia o te rauemi pereti, he kiriata, he pepa X-ray.

Hua Weld tirohanga tikanga radiographic me ona tōnounoú

A, no te taki i te kounga o te fehokotaki'anga tikanga whakamahia autō, radiographic me te whakamātautau ultrasonic. I roto i te hinu, me te hau ahumahi paiherea wahi rawa ata uiui e hononga putorino. Ko reira i roto i enei rāngai ko te tino rongonui tikanga tirohanga radiographic no o te painga undoubted i runga i ētahi atu tikanga mana. Tuatahi, kua whakaaro reira te tino kitea: i runga i taea te pūoko kite te tārua tangohia o te āhua ā-o mea ki te wāhi o te kohakore, me o ratou fokotu'utu'u.

Ko tētahi atu painga - te pū ahurei. A, no te whakahaere mana ultrasonic rere-kuwaha ranei reira he tonu he tūponotanga o te rapunga teka e tika ana ki te imi whakapā ki kōtītiti Weld. A, no te he taea, whakapā-kore tirotiro radiographic ie, e kore te mea he raruraru papa pāhiwihiwi ranei pakeke.

Tuatoru, ka taea te tikanga ki a koe te whakahaere i te momo o ngā rauemi, tae atu kore-autō.

I te pae hopea, he tika hoki te whakamahi i roto i te rangi kino, me tikanga hangarau te tikanga. He mana radiographic o te hinu, me te hau pipelines he taea anake. maha homai taputapu autō, me te ultrasound malfunctions tika ki te pāmahana iti hanganga āhuatanga ranei.

Heoi, te mea e rave rahi kino:

• Tikanga tirohanga radiographic o hononga paiherea i runga i te whakamahi o te taputapu utu me Whakapau;
• E titau te reira kaimahi rawa whakangungua;
• Mahi ki te radiation iraruke he mōrearea ki te hauora.

Takanga hoki mana

Faaineineraa. Ka rite ki whakamahia emitters mihini X-ray kama koha ranei. Whakapai i te mata, he tirohanga ataata mō hē kitea kanohi, tohu te wāhi kaupapa tirohanga, me ratou māka i te aroaro o te tīmatanga o te tirohanga radiographic o mekameka. Tirohia te tōtika o te taputapu.

Taki i te taumata o te tūtohutanga. I roto i ngā wāhi whakatakotoria i roto i ngā paerewa mō te whakamātau susceptibility:

• waea - ki te hiritia ano, hāngai ki reira;
• grooving - whakarerea i te tui e kore te mea iti iho i te 0.5 cm, te ahunga awaawa - hāngai ki te tui;
• Plate - ia i te he tui o te iti rawa 0.5 cm ranei he tui i runga i te tohutoro tohu tohu kore e e kitea i roto i te pikitia.

mana

E whakawhanakehia hangarau, me iahiko tirohanga radiographic o mekameka, e hāngai ana i runga i te matotoru, āhua, āhuatanga hoahoa o ngā tūemi te mana, i roto i runga i te whakatakotoranga. Te tawhiti mōrahi tīkina i te ahanoa mana ki te kiriata radiographic - 150 mm.

Ko te koki i waenganui i te aronga o te hihi, me te noa ki te kiriata kia iti iho i te 45 °.

tātai te tawhiti i te pūtake iraruke ki te mata whakamātautau kei te rite ki te whakatakotoranga mō ngā momo rerekē o te mekameka me te rauemi matotoru.

Te aromātai o te hua. Ko te kounga o te whakamātautau radiographic tei runga i te pūkite whakamahia. A, no te whakamahi i kiriata radiographic i mua i te tono i ia puranga me i whakamatauria hoki tautukunga ki te tawhā e hiahiatia ana. whakamatauria hoki tauhohenga mō whakapakoko tukatuka mō te pai i roto i runga i te whakatakotoranga. kia Film teuteu mo te Mana me te Whakahaere o whakapakoko oti i roto i te wahi pouri motuhake. Me kia mārama whakapakoko oti, i waho e kore e pakaru apa whakaehunga wahi faufaa. kia hoki pai tirohia Images o paerewa me ngā tapanga.

Hei arotake i te hua o te inenga aroturuki o te rahi o nga mea kohakore kitea te whakamahi i motuhake tauira, magnifiers, rangatira.

E ai ki nga hua aroturuki, hanga he faaotiraa i runga i te mana, hanga makanga ranei, i hanga nei e te i roto i te hautaka whakapumautia puka o NTD.

Ko te whakamahi o pūhohe filmless

I teie mahana, Kei te piki whakaurua hangarau mamati ki production ahumahi, tae atu i roto i radiographic tikanga whakamātautau kore-haamou. He maha ngā whanaketanga taketake o kamupene kāinga.

A, no te whakamahi i te pūnaha tukatuka raraunga mamati i roto i radiographic pereti ngāwari mati hanga o kiriaku ūkuikui ranei. hinga X-hihi i runga i te paraharaha, tokomanawa karapahia te taiaho te, a kua tahuri te whakapakoko i runga i te aroturuki. A, no te te wahi whakaritenga pereti mana analogously pūhohe kiriata.

he maha o mārama painga whakaritea ki te kiriata Radiography tenei tikanga kua:

• Kahore he hiahia i roto i te tukanga roa o te taputapu tukatuka kiriata me te ruma motuhake mo tenei whakaaro;
• kahore he take ki te hoko tonu kiriata me tauhohenga mo ia;
• e tukanga putanga he wa iti;
• tuku tonu o te whakapakoko kounga mamati;
• whakapūranga nohopuku me te rokiroki o raraunga i runga i pāpāho hiko;
• te kaha ki te whakamahi i paraharaha maha;
• Ka taea te heke radiation pūngao i roto i te mana na roto i te hawhe, me te hōhonu o te piki penetration.

Ko, i reira te mea he penapena utu o te wā, me te whakaiti o ngā taumata te rongo, a konei te mōrea ki te kaimahi.

Haumaru i roto i whakamātautau radiographic

I roto i te tikanga ki te whakaiti i te pānga kino o hihi iratuki i runga i te hauora o te kaimahi e hiahiatia ana te ki te ū tino ki mehua haumaru mo te whakatinanatanga o ngā wāhanga katoa o te whakamātautau radiographic o hononga paiherea. ture haumaru Basic:

• Me kia roadworthy taputapu katoa, i te tuhinga e tika ana, nga kaihaka - te taumata e hiahiatia ana o te whakangungu;
• i roto i te rohe o te mana Kaua e tukua nga tangata kahore e nei e pā ana ki te hanga;
• kaituku i roto i te mahi, me kei te operator i te taha ritenga te aronga o te radiation he kore iti iho i te 20 m ;
• Me rawa te puna radiation ki te whakangungu rakau tiaki, e ārai te purara o hihi i roto i te wāhi;
• Kaua e noho i roto i te rohe o taea rohe radiation te rongo mō roa wa;
• taumata radiation i roto i te rohe o te kimi iwi me aroturuki tonu te whakamahi i dosimeters;
• Me rite rawa wāhi ki te tikanga o te tiaki ki te pānga hohonu o radiation, pērā i ngā rau mata.

Whakatakotoranga me ngā tuhinga hangarau, GOST

kawea whakamātautau Radiographic o hononga paiherea te i roto i rite ki te GOST 3242-79. tuhinga matua mō te whakamātautau radiographic - GOST 7512-82, MDR 38.18.020-95. Me tautuku i te rahi o te tohu tohu ki GOST 15843-79. Momo mana me o nga puna radiation te tīpako i runga i te matotoru, me te mātotoru o te rauemi irradiated rite ki GOST 20426-82.

whakaritea Class tairongo me te momo o te paerewa e GOST 23055-78 ko GOST 7512-82. kawea te tukatuka o whakapakoko radiographic te i roto i rite ki te GOST 8433-81.

A, no te mahi ki ngā puna o te radiation kia arata'ihia e te tikanga o te Ture Federal "I Radiation haumaru o te Taupori", JV 2.6.1.2612-10 "Basic Sanitary Ture mo iraruke Safety", SanPiN 2.6.1.2523-09.