Ko te peita "te rere Marriage" Pukirev: hītori me te whakaahuatanga

I tohua te waenganui o te rau tau XIX i Russia i te putanga o te wahine marena hou-tapakuha pera-ka karanga. Mau utuafare ki te moni toharite i te wa ki te wa ite te hiahia, e kore te mea tonu nui te moni noa hoki whanau i matea. tipu tamariki ake i roto i taua wa, i te piki auau, a kihai te pūtea te whānau i ū. i ora ai faingataa mau utuafare, te wahi i reira i rave rahi tamahine, no te mea ua hinaaro nga kotiro ki te taka kiri, a te utu reira tino utu.

Ki te whakamārama o te ora o te whakararuraru, ka whakatika raruraru te utuafare, me, i roto i te mutunga, ka anga nga mātua ki te rapu i te ara i roto i o tenei āhuatanga. ataahua-tau waru-tamahine, rite ki te tikanga, i karapotia e te pā nei e rite ki te tango i tiaki o taua mea, me te ara tiki faaipoipo. Ko ratou te nuinga taitamariki dandies ki raraunga pai waho, engari kore rawa pūtea. tamata ia mātua ki te kitea e ia te tane taonga, a ka mohio te wahine marena hou ia e he pēkerapu kore e hiahiatia tana tane. Heoi, haere te wa hohoro, e kore i taea e kitea maha kotiro o te tau te oaoa, a noho takakau. kihai i nui tane taumau, te hunga e taea te hanga i te rōpū te kotiro tika, i mutu hoki aroraa ratou he hopu tūturu.

Te faaipoiporaa o te haratau

Kaua e tonu huri wāhi ki te te tangata taitama ataahua, ka whakauria, maha puta he oto i roto i te wiki tuatahi o te teití. Na ka haere matou ki te aronga o nga wahine taumau matarohia pakeke, rite ki te arahi i te aroa wahine taitamariki mātanga. tangata tawhito o e whitu tekau, kahore i kaha, te ngakau o, whakaritea ki ngā mātua, me te whakaekea moni tino mīharo. O te akoranga, e kore i taea e te ataahua taitamariki farii i aua moni nama tangata tawhito decrepit, engari ko ona matua i roto i te hohoro ki te tono kakahu marena. I roto i tenei take, ka korerotia e te whaea tana tamahine: "E haere koe ki te marena, wā ... Engari, e hiahia ana matou ki te ora." I aru tenei e nga mataaratanga, roimata anaanatae, inoi, engari he taimana matua. E mea pinepine tamata te kotiro ki te mahi i te whakamomori, engari e kore e marena te tangata tawhito whakarihariha.

Ko te peita "te rere Marriage": hītori

I roto i 1863 i te Moscow whakaaturanga toi mātauranga aroaro te mahi o te kuao artist Vasiliya Pukireva, i hanga te illius. Ko te peita "te rere Marriage" i whakatapua ki te kaupapa o te mau faaipoiporaa takoha i roto i te hapori Russian o te wā. Heoi, i roto i te tikanga ā-hinengaro, te raruraru kua kore i kitea, i tukua e ia te wahine marena hou anake, te tane inonotitanga whakarihariha i i ki mau. moni pūtea, i akina atu te hiahia ki te noho i te mahi pai o ngā mātua ki te takahi i nga ngākau nuitanga o tana tamahine ake. Kaituhi o te peita "Te huhua Marriage« Ua faaara te tapihooraa o te hapori Russian. tianara kaumātua te hunga kua titiro tata atu ratou timata wahine marena hou taitamariki rākau kotahi e tetahi ki te hoatu ki runga tona faaipoiporaa.

marena

Ko te peita "te rere Marriage", he whakaahuatanga e riro ia rātau ki te pūāhua i roto i te taipitopito, whakaata he scene marena i roto i te Ekalesia Siu. Kakarauri aata fare pureraa paku marara marama e haere mai ana i te matapihi. Tairanga, te pikitia "Te huhua Marriage" homai te ongo o hepohepo. I roto i te pokapū o te tane koroheke, kakahu i roto i te take utu, me te tūranga te ngau ke, e tautokona ana e te koere kikī. papaki ana tahuri Head, ropu kara tiketike, kanohi puhoi titiro whakakake huri noa te karapoti, pouaka e whiti mētara ki te Order o te kaki. Enei tohu mārama tano ore mo te marena hahi. tamata te tangata tawhito ki te titiro i te tiketike o tona wahine marena hou ki te paetukutuku o whānui, engari ko reira te pouri, ahakoa tamata ahau ki te pupuri i te ngutu o runga kaki.

Ko reira uaua ki te matau i te hinengaro o te toa decrepit, no te mea, te nuinga pea, a ko reira kotahi te tamahine hiahia ia ki te marena pai. Muri ia he ora roa, i roto i nei i reira ko te rota o te pai rite tetahi tangata. Hea e tenei ngako, koirā ki te hanganga o te taitamariki?

wahine marena hou

Ko te huru tino nui ko te pikitia - te kotiro taitamariki - tuhituhia e te toi āta. Ko te wahine marena hou - tonu rawa te tamaiti, ki te upoko tuohu, e papaki ana pupuri hoki nga roimata tenei ra te tino kawa i roto i tona ora. mata ngawari hanga e curls hate rama pouri i roto i te piko ringa o nga tamariki, te māturuturu te waki i runga i tona kakahu marena. tane whakarihariha tata rawa, ongoi wairua o tona aroaro whakamamaetia kotiro. totoro tona ringa matau te ki te tohunga, e te mea e pā ana ki ki te hoatu i runga i te ringa angiangi he mowhiti marena. Wahine marena hou tau'a, i tau'a ki tona ake whakarau ia. Kakahu i roto i te kakahu marena, i patu whakahere ia ia mo te pai o tona hapu, ko wai e ora nei i roto i te te pai.

tohunga

Ko te tohunga i roto i te pikitia whakaatu hunched ngaro, ka rite ki te mea kua ia ki te mahi i te mahi mihikore. titiro ia titaha ai, tūranga kukū, te ngau ke, tona koroka whakairo koroka, puhuruhuru. I roto i whakakitea tona ringa maui pukapuka hahi, kua whakauria te mowhiti marena tika, i te mea rite ki te hoatu i runga i maihao o te wahine marena hou te tohunga. Mahalo, kotahi i ia he tamahine, i tamata te tangata ki te wahi i te ora. raruraru te tohunga, ko tona fatongiá, he rite ki te whakarite i ki te mutunga ia.

Schafer me ētahi atu hakari

Te peita, i roto i te tua ki te wahine marena hou me te tane, whakaaturia e rave rahi pūāhua. Muri ko te hoki o te wahine marena hou te tangata pai ki te pātene i runga i te whētui o tona koti, ko ia he humorless, ara māharahara. ngā anuanu e e töna raro i nga haurangi o te hahi, he tangata taitamariki tukino. Muri ki a ia tu te tangata e, te āhua, tau'a rawa ki te mea kei te tupu. E whakaaturia atu pūāhua katoa i runga i te pikitia, ko te hoa tata o te tane, i roto i nei ko tetahi o nga rangatira, matchmaker me te maha civilians.

"No te" me "ki"

He fakaanga toi pai-mohiotia, tumu kōrero toi, ka kite Vladimir Vasilevich Stasov mata Pukirev, ka mea: "Hei whakamutunga, i reira ko tetahi mahi i runga i te kaupapa o te ra, tangohia i nga rire rawa o te ora hou."

Heoi, e kore e ngā tona whakaaro i te katoa. kitea te artist he rota o hoariri nei timata ki tawai ia mo te ako kore hohonu makona o te kaupapa. Kua whakaarahia he poipoi o tautohe e pā ana ki te hanga Pukirev tautohetohe te press. I roto i te mutunga uru ia e hanga ana e ia te peita, mate ki te angitu. Heheu te wahi e kore ai tetahi tau'a. peita virtuoso, tauira hiato, Nēpia āhuatanga hinengaro o ia huru - kua whakaarahia tenei katoa te uara toi o te peita ki te teitei inä. I roto i te Russia, he artist pūmanawa hou - Vasily Pukirev ( "rere Marriage"). Whakaahuatanga o te pikitia, tona tātaritanga, te whakaaro o te fakaangá tukua ki a tatou faaoti te ahua wā o te faahiahia. i rite ki te whakahe i te mau faaipoiporaa o ratou moepuku hapori Russian.

Faaipoiporaa huhua! Pouri me te mamae, mate o te wairua kotiro pakarukaru. Kia pehea te maha waiata iwi tito e pā ana ki o te tapakuha, te wahi kawa o nga wahine Russian mau te whakarau. Kaupapa ati tino i roto i te tahi atu mahi o te toi, me te tuhinga, pērā i te A. tākaro N. Ostrovskogo "Poor Kora" pikitia F. Zhuravlev "I mua te karauna", V. Makovsky kānawehi "ki te karauna." "Huhua Malí", peita Pukirev, te nuinga te rārangi. Ko te kupu, ka tomo te tauihu o te marena o te haratau ki te toi ataata, me te te raveraa i.

āhukahuka

mohio te peita "te rere Marriage" i rite te faahiahia o te peita, mo whakawhiwhia ia Vasiliya Pukireva te taitara o te ahorangi o te peita. hanga Academy ahorangi te tangata e tuhituhi te pikitia nui, engari he aha? Pikitia te wahi i reira he kahore ahi, kahore whawhai, kahore hītori tawhito hou ranei ... oaoa hou, kaupapa hou katoa o te kaha o te moni, me te tūranga o te kaituhi, mārama whakahuatia e te ahua o te tangata taitamariki tu i muri i te wahine marena hou. Ko atu i runga i taua i muri. I muri ka mohiotia tenei Pukirev motu. whai wāhi te artist i roto i ngā mahi whakaako, pai ia i hanga he rōpū o taitamariki tangata pūmanawa tamata ki te whakawhanake i rātou taranata tūturu mō te haere i runga i tona mōhiotanga me te wheako.

He tokomaha miharo whakaaturia ana nei te kaitoi i roto i te pikitia, i roto i nga hau Moscow. whakapono etahi e te pūtake o te wahi hoatu te ati o te ora o te kaipeita - tona wahine marena hou, mea ratou, kua homai e ia he tangata tawhito taonga. Ko te pūtake mō tenei whakaaro e kore i tetahi, engari pai tenei putanga o koutou. A, kia rite ki te mate pakeke hau, i whakaaro ai i te tangata i te aamu o te aroha, whaiāipo o te kaitoi mo te wa roa noho nga hinengaro o Muscovites.

Kia pehea te i te kōrero

mau peita "Te huhua Marriage" kihai i whai i te taua takenga whaiāipo. Ko te take i ko Vasiliya Pukireva he hoa tata, i te kaipeita Pita Shmelkov Painting kaiako. noho ia i roto i te rawakore, me te, reira, he tonu i roto i te rapu o te mahi me te kaupapa mo ona peita. I te tahi taime i taea ki te tiki i ngana i roto i te tahi mau whare taonga ia. Tītaka i roto i te hapori nui, toutou whanga ana Shmelkov nga hononga marena o nga tangata tawhito ki nga wahine taumau taitamariki. Ia i hanga ara he raupapa o tuhinga i runga i te tumu parau, tumanako i roto i te heke mai ki te whakamahi i ratou, no te tuhi i te pikitia.

ture hahi

I roto i 1861, i roto i te Hui-tanguru, tukuna te Hinota Tapu he tikanga e whakahe i te rerekētanga nui i roto i te tau i te faaipoiporaa, no te mea i roto i taua wā i hanga nga faaipoiporaa tuarua i runga i te pūtake o te moni rauemi. Mahalo na Shmelkov me ia te whakaaro ki tona hoa mo te kaupapa pikitia. ka hiahia i roto i te whakaaro Pukirev ka tīmata ki te mahi. I roto i te mauruuru, pania e ia Shmelkova muri ki te tangata pai. A i roto i te tūranga o te tangata pai tuhituhi ia ia.

I tua atu ki te Vasiliya Pukireva me tona hoa Shmelkova, i roto i te pikitia i reira ko tetahi huru pai-mohiotia. Te reira i Grebenskaya, ariki ramochnik. A, no te kitenga ia i te pikitia, whakaturia e ahau tonu atu ki te hanga i taua mea ki te anga, "kore i nei ano tupu." tahuri te reira i pono i te mahi o te toi, te whakapaipai ki te miro pai fakaofoofa. Ko te kupu, "Ko te huhua Marriage" (pikitia Pukirev) riro te tautuhinga tika. Mai reira, ka mea te Taiwhanga Tretyakov papa mō peita kohinga Grebenskaya anake.

Ko te mahi o te kaitoi

I te wa, pai mahi Vasily Pukirev mo te whakapaipai roto o te hahi o te Tokotoru Tapu, i roto i te puehu. E i hanga ratou e iwa whakapakoko rongonui. I tua atu ki te toi sacral, whai wāhi te toi i roto i te Portraiture, hanga he raupapa o ngā pikitia o te iwi rongonui. I tua atu, i whakaako e toru tekau Pukirev i te kura Moscow o Painting me Whakairo.

Ko te tiango me te mate o te kaihanga

kore kua Family kaitoi pūmanawa, ka ka, engari rite ki te tahi mau pūrongo i whakahere Praskovya Matveyevna, wahine wairua ataahua, te kotahi e uihia hoki ia i roto i te tūranga o te wahine marena hou i roto i te mahi i runga i te hoho'a peni "Te huhua Marriage". ko pahonohia Whakapuakanga o te aroha, ka noho te toi tona ora katoa i roto i te noho takitahi. Tenei He wāhi: āta hinga te pakihi ki koroua, e kore inoi nga peita hou whakamahia. tīmata Pukirev inu i te kura i ki te waiho. Atu - atu, ngaro te artist te fare, hokona ratou mea katoa, a ka anga ki te ora i runga i tohanga aroha. Hoa atu i awhina ratou, heoi kihai i taea e muri i te reira roa. Na Hune 1, ka mate a 1890 Vasily Pukirev anake i te tau o 58 tau. I tanumia ia i te urupā Vagankovsky kaitoi i Moscow.

"Huhua Malí", peita e Pukirev, he inaianei i roto i te Tretyakov Taiwhanga, kei i te wāhitau: Moscow, Lavroushinsky Lane, 10. Ko tuwhera ia i te 10 ki te 18 haora te whare taonga.

"Huhua Malí", painting, utu

I runga i te Ipurangi e taea e kitea e koe he uri o tetahi peita toi. He rerekē ki ngā tārua o te kaituhi o masterpieces, whakamana i te taumata ngaio tiketike, taua wae mahi te āhuatanga. I pae motuhake kei roto i rua uri me te tārua toi. maha ui Manuhiri te pātai, ko wai pania e "Te huhua Marriage"? O te akoranga, e hiahia ana te katoa ki te mohio atu e pā ana ki te kānawehi rongonui.

tuku te toa ipurangi tārua taketake o te faahiahia. Ko te peita "te rere Marriage", whakairi te whakaahua i runga tata papa matotoru hoki katoa, tukutuku, me ngā wānanga e pā ana ki te peita, hokona hoki 28 000-42 000.

pikitia rite

I tua atu ki Vasiliya Pukireva faahiahia, i reira e he maha o peita i runga i te kaupapa o te mau faaipoiporaa taurite. tuhituhi Artist kauri Zhuravlev i 1874 peita, i tonu te kaupapa o te heke o te morare i roto i te hapori Russian. Ko te ruma i runga i te wahine marena hou papa tangi, kua kakahu i roto i te kakahu marena, e tu ana i muri ki te papa maro. Ko te whakarau o te kotiro kanga, i muri i te meneti torutoru reira ka kia tangohia ki te hahi, a ka hoatu i roto i te faaipoiporaa ki te tangata tawhito kino taonga. huaina te pikitia ko "I mua te marena," Ko ia i roto i te Taiwhanga Tretyakov.

I roto i 1894 peitatia te artist St Petersburg Vladimir Makovsky "te karauna" whakaata hoki te kaupapa o te kinonga morare o te hapori i roto i Russia i te waenganui o te rau tau 19. I whakaatu te koaka kohakore Russian ataahua, pouri-ka werohia,, tangohia o tetahi tumanako o te ora oaoa. Ko te peita i roto i te Art Museum Samara.