Ma'imi Herman Hollerith rorohiko: he haurongo, me te whakaahua

timata te hītori o te rorohiko ki te whakaaro ki te waihanga i tētahi mīhini e taea te pānui i tāpiri tau mati-maha katoa ranei. I whakawhanakehia te huahua tuatahi o te pūrere moka-13 e pā ana ki 1500 Da Vinci. Acting rite i hangaia he pūrere Whakarāpopoto e Pascal i 1642. Enei he kaitito rongonui iriti i te tau o rorohiko.

aunoatanga

Hoki te tokomaha nui o ngā whakawhitinga utu ko te tere e kore anake o mahi o ia o ratou, engari te kore o te wāhi i waenganui ia ratou, i roto i nei hiahiatia whai wāhi tangata te. He maha he kaitito rongonui kua tamata ki te whakaoti i tēnei raruraru. Ko reira tika, e i raupapa ngā mahi tetahi i muri i te tahi atu, kahore arumanga.

Program Whakataki "i runga i te haere"

hītori rorohiko mohio maha aivanaa e whai wāhi ana ki te whanaketanga o te aunoatanga. Na, i roto i te tīmatanga o te 80. rau tau 19, ka whakaarohia ai ki te whakamahi i te kāri mō ngā hōtaka i mua-tuhia me te whai wāhi ai ki te pūrere. Ratou kaihoahoa ko Herman Hollerith. I roto i te pūtaiao rorohiko, hanga te kaipūtaiao he revolution tūturu. Kia whai whakaaro ano tatou i tona tenenga.

Herman Hollerith: biography

mataotao Fanauhia February 29, 1860 i roto i Buffalo. Ko ia te tamaiti tuawhitu. Tona papa i roto i te 1848, heke atu ia i Tiamana ki te United States. I muri neke tomo Hollerith te kura, i nei i peia ai ia kaua hohoro. Ka rite ki te tikanga, mahue Herman te piha i mua i takikupu. kotahi katia te Kaiwhakaako te tatau, a ka peke te tamaiti i te rua o nga papa. I muri e te reira, ka peia i te kura. riro mātauranga atu Herman Hollerith i kaiako-Lutheran. ka mau ia akoranga o te kura waenganui, me te tiketike ki a ia. I 16 whakauru ia i roto i te College o whāiti "maina". Heoi, i hiahia e kore e pera te nui e te tikanga e rite ana taputapu te tangata taitamariki. I ako i Columbia College, tutaki ia Trowbridge, i muri i hanga he ia ia tona kaiāwhina. Na ka Herman Hollerith ki te Tari Statistical o te US taupori tatauranga.

mahi

I tau 19, ka haere Herman Hollerith ki Washington, te wahi i timata ai ia i tona mahi. Ka whai wāhi mātātoa ia i roto i te porowhita pāpori o Georgetown. I muri i te tahi mau wa, tutaki Hollerith Billings. Ko te whakamutunga, ko te tohunga mana i roto i te tātari o ngā mōhiohio tauanga, na mahi ia rite te kaiwhakahaere whakahaere mo te tatauranga. ka mea a Billings Hollerith e pā ana ki tona whakaaro ki te waihanga i tētahi mīhini, e pai kia whakamahia ngā kāri tokua ki te hanga i te tepu o te raraunga whiwhi. tohu Ētahi atu kaituhi ki te rua putanga o te mana o te kaiwhakahaere o te whakahaere i runga i te mahi atu i runga i te hoahoa i te pūrere. E ai ki te tuatahi, fokotu'u Billings te whakamahi o kāri tokua ki te whakamārama o te tangata mā te whakamahi i te tohu i runga i to ratou taha, me te kōmaka pūrere. E ai ki te putanga tuarua, ia whakaekea noa ki te haere mai ki etahi ahua o te pūrere ki runga.

wheako tuatahi

I te 1882 i karangatia Herman Hollerith ki te Massachusetts Institute rite te kaiako. mahi ia i roto i te tau kura. I roto i tenei wa, whakawhanakehia Hollerith ana whakaaro, ka whai wāhi i roto i te whanaketanga o te taputapu tuatahi mo te tuhi o ngā mōhiohio i runga i te tatauranga me te whakaripanga. I te 1883 ka hoki ia ki a Washington, te wahi i timata ai ia ki te mahi i te tari ārai. Ko te matauranga riro reira whakamatauria whai hua ki a ia kia rite ki te ihi, ka whakamahia e ia a ratou mo tekau tau. I roto i te 1884, hoatu mua e ia te whakaaro o te whakapai ake i te pūnaha ikiiki rerewē o frein. kia mea te reira e pā ana ki te huru pūtea, i ko Herman Hollerith. Tabulator taea ia hanga i roto i te 80 wawe ', engari te moni mo reira, e kore a ia. I roto i tenei take, tonoa etahi reira, taea kahore tetahi.

Mua

I roto i te St. Louis, huihuia Herman Hollerith wahia hiko mo te tereina, ka tangohia ana wahi i roto i te whakataetae. I te hui i te aroaro ki te pūnaha, whakahaere i runga i te parau tumu o te korehau me mā te whakamahi i te hau kōpeke. Electro-ia i mohio rite te pai o te rima. Heoi, i reira nga feaa e pā ana te māmā o tona whakamahinga hoki o te riri tupuhi. I roto i tenei horopaki, paopao tatou te pūnaha, me te noho Mua i runga i te frein tae noa paruparu ratou pau. Ko te taputapu tenenga corrugation muri ko korere o whakarewa. kihai ia i kitea ano i te tuatahi tona tono, engari i muri ka mau ia ki te kamupene "Motors General" i roto i te hanga o ngā hononga ngāwari.

Herman Hollerith: tabulator

Te ārai hou, rēhita Mahuru 23, 1884, ka te nui tino o te katoa. I whakamahia Herman Hollerith mīhini mō te whakaripanga o raraunga tatauranga i runga i te tahuti nei i roto i Baltimore i 1887. Raraunga 1889, i roto i New York i tukatuka hoki te whakamahi i tenei pūrere. Hoatu ana tona tohungatanga, Herman Hollerith whakamatauria e kāri tokua - he āhuatanga matua o te tukanga o te hanganga o te tepu. I te 1887 i hanga e ia he ako ki te ārai. No te mea o tenei, he maha industrialists i ki faaoti i te kirimana ki te raihana Hollerith i runga i tona pūrere. A, no te whakawhiti tatauranga 1890 mōhiohio ki nga kāri tangata 73/8 × 33/4 inihi. Next hanga tatou i runga i nga taha o nga pūwatawata i runga i ia āhuatanga. Hauroki puta noa kokonga kotahi kumikumi mo te haratau i roto i te tukanga o te tatau me te kōmaka. kawea te mahi whakamutunga i roto i whatu, rite tahi atu tikanga ka whakawhanakehia kihai i. Hollerith mīhini ki te takitahi te kawe i roto i te perforation rite ki te tauira. Ko tehea te hoki te operator te pūrere me te whakaiti i te maha o ngā hapa.

Ko te ngako o te taputapu

Hoki tona pūrere Herman Hollerith hangaia ki te pereti press hanga o rapa pakeke me te aratohu arotahi. I tae te paraharaha i te hikinga. Tuamata ratou ki te wāhi o te pūwatawata i runga i te mahere. I roto i te wahi, ki tonu ratou i te konuoi me hono terminals i te muri o te whare. Pouaka kei runga ake i te paraharaha ki te ngā whakapā o te ngä. I whakahaeretia ratou e puna. A, no te te ripa kāri i roto i te wāhi press whakapā mō te mēkuri, me te mania ka mau wahi. Tenei, i roto i te tahuri, whakahohe te counter. Tona mata i taea e te rēhita i te tau ki te 10,000. oho ia ki te aukume, e tango te tohu mā te mēkuri hikinga 1 wehenga. Mai i te wā wa ki te pānui i te raraunga i te counter, a kua whakawhitia te hua whakamutunga katoa ki te kāri ā.

Taki tika

Ki te whakarite te tango i te reira kaupae:

1. A, no te Whakarāpopoto ake i kawea i roto i te wā kotahi i runga i te maha o ngā āhuatanga, waea rēhita ia kāri e haere. Ko te kupu i reira taea ki te tirohia i te hua o tua atu i roto i nga tawhā takawaenga.
2. A, no te whakaputaina te wae tika he rēhita karanga. Ki te ko ngaro ia, ko reira tika ki te kitea, ka whakatika i te raruraru.
3. kāri Press tukatuka ki te waehere motuhake anake, ki nei i programmed reira.
4. kāri whaia, i no ki te rōpū kotahi i te whakatuwheratanga noa. Ki te awhina o te tokotoko waea kitea te aroaro o "ke" kāri.

rongo te ao

matau Hollerith nga tini, engari i roto i te 1890 tutuki ia he angitu tino ohorere. i taea e ki te faaoti i te kirimana mō te 11 ngā tukanga tatauranga i muri i toa i te whakataetae i roto i te 4 rohe o St. Louis, i te mea te kāinga ki te neke atu i te 10 mano. tangata ia. Te tikanga, kua whakawhanakehia e Herman Hollerith, taa ê e kore anake te tere rawa, engari ano hoki i te tika teitei. E ai ki whakatau tata o te kaihoahoa kua ora te kāwanatanga tata 600 mano tara. I roto i te 1890, ka tahuri te pūtaiao 30. i whakawhiwhia e ia te tohu o Doctor o Philosophy. hanga Hollerith he mahi nui ki te US Census Bureau. I roto i te waenganui-Mahuru o 1890, ka tango ia ia te tamahine o tona tākuta i Washington. Tata tonu i muri i te marena tomo Hollerith ki te kirimana ki te Kawanatanga Austria mo te whakamahi o ona whakaaro i roto i te Central Bureau o Tatauranga. Mai i taua wa i timata ai te pūtaiao mahi ao. Na roto i te 1895 th wae o tona mahi i roto i Austria kore anake, engari ano hoki i roto i Canada. I te wa ano i whakahaere whiriwhiringa i runga i te supply o taputapu i roto i Russia me Itari.

Ko te tau whakamutunga o tona ora

pai Herman Hollerith ki noho wa ki te utuafare, ki te whai wāhi i roto i ngā mahi ahuwhenua, ki te hoko waka, me te hanga whare. I roto i te faaipoiporaa i ia toru tamahine, me te rite maha tama. Tenei tangata faahiahia, e hanga he koha nui ki te tatauranga, haere atu i tona whare o te whakaeke ngakau Whiringa 17, 1929. Tona ora, puta ia tini i roto i, e karapotia ana e te iwi aroha, i roto i te oaoa, e kore fakame'apango'ia e pā ana ki tetahi wāhitanga ngaro. Tae noa te whakamutunga o ona ra i kino ia nga tikanga katoa o te takikupu ka tukua ki a ia te tuhituhi rite hiahia ia.