O te toi me te ahurea o te Renaissance. tau faahiahia o te Renaissance: te rārangi

Kua whakakapia Renaissance (Renaissance) te Middle, a roa noa te Māmá. Ko reira o te faufaa rahi i roto i te hītori o Europe. momo rerekē o te ahurea fakamāmaní, me humanism me te anthropocentrism (i roto i te wahi tuatahi i reira ko te tangata). Whika o te Renaissance ke hoki ratou whakaaro.

whakarāpopototanga

I hanga te ahurea hou i roto i whanaunga tūmatanui kua puta ke i roto i Europe. Ngā uesia tona hinga o te kāwanatanga Byzantine. hiki He rota o te Byzantines ki whenua Pākehā, a ki a ratou i kawea mai e ratou he maha nui o mahi o toi. Tetahi o tenei i maheni ki wharekarakia Europe, ko Kozimo Medichi, maere, hanga i roto i Florence Academy o Plato.

Tohatoha o te pa-āhua arahina ki te tini o ngā akomanga, e i matara atu i te whanaunga feudal. ngā ēnei kaimahi, peeke, kaihokohoko, me te pera i runga i. e kore ratou e whakaaro ki ngā uara wharekarakia e i hanga e e te hahi. Tenei hua i roto i te humanism. I raro i tenei ariā titau te aronga taumauri, e whakaaro te tangata rite te uara teitei.

I roto i te whenua maha timata ki te hanga i fakamāmaní pokapū pūtaiao, me te rangahau. ka wehea ratou rerekētanga i te wharekarakia i te hahi. hanga te reira i te neke nui i roto i te rau tau XV, te tenenga o tā. Tenei hanga reira atu me te ake maha puta tau rongonui o te Renaissance.

Te hanganga me te koa tonu i

Tuatahi puta i roto i te Renaissance Italy. Here ka anga ia ki te whakaatu i nga tohu i roto i te rau tau XIII me XIV. Heoi, e kore i taea e te rongonui o tona wa riro, a anake i roto i te 20 o te rau tau XV i reira taea ki te riro i te tunga. Atu vahi i roto i Europe, horahia Renaissance nui i muri. Ko reira i te mutunga o te rau tau, te tino pokea ana o tenei au.

Ko te rau tau i muri i te raruraru o te Renaissance. Kua te hua kua te putanga o Mannerism me Baroque. Kei te wehea Renaissance katoa ki wā e wha. aroaro Ia o ratou ratou ake ahurea, toi.

Protorenessans

Ko te wā tauwhirowhiro i te anotau Middle ki te Renaissance. Ka taea te wehea te reira ki e rua ngā wāhanga. roa te tuatahi i roto i te ora o Giotto, te tuarua - i muri i tona matenga (1337). Ko te i ki tonu te tuatahi ki te āhuatanga nui i roto i tenei wā i mahi i te whika kānapanapa o te Renaissance. I tū te tuarua whakarara ki te mate anake e whakamamaetia Italy.

Artists o te Renaissance o te wā faaite ratou pūkenga te nuinga i roto i te whakairo. Ngā taea wehewehe Arnolfo di CAMBIO, Andrea pisano ko Nicola me Dzhovanni Pizano. Paintings o te wa kanohi e rua kura, i kei nei i roto i Siena ko Florence. He tūranga nui i roto i te hoho'a peni o te wā takaro Giotto.

whika Renaissance (toi), i roto i ngā e Giotto, maitai i roto i ona peita o ngā kaupapa fakalotu i tua ki te pa, me te fakamāmaní.

I roto i te tuhinga, i hanga he revolution Dante Aligeri, nana nei i hanga te rongonui "pukuhohe". Heoi, uri o faahiahia, ka karanga ia "Atua Comedy." Sonnets o Petrarch (1304-1374 gg.), Tuhia i roto i te wā riro rongonui rahi a ka tona muimui Dzhovanni Bokkachcho (1313-1375 gg.), Te kaituhi o "Decameron".

whika mohiotia o te Renaissance Itāriana ka kaihanga o te reo tuhituhi. riro nga mahi o enei kaituhi rongo ki tua atu i te rohe o tona ahua taketake i roto i to ratou ra, a te mutunga i tuku katoa ki te taonga o te tuhinga ao.

Wā Early parare

roa tenei wā mō te waru tekau tau (1420-1500 gg.). kihai i Whika o te tīmatanga o Renaissance hoatu ake te mua tata ritenga, engari te parahi i roto i tona mahi ki te huihui ki tawhito puāwaitanga. Āta, oho ratou i te wharekarakia ki te mau parau tumu onamata. Tenei whakawhitinga pāngia e te huringa i roto i te oraraa, me te ahurea.

Italy kua tino whakakitea nga parau tumu o onamata puāwaitanga, a i roto i ētahi atu whenua e titi tonu ki nga whakarerenga iho o te kāhua Gothic. Anake i roto i te waenganui o te rautau XV ngoto parare ki Hipania me te raki o nga māeroero.

I roto i te hoho'a peni, runga ake katoa, ka anga ki te whakaatu i te ataahua o te tangata. wā wawe te nuinga kanohi mahi Botticelli (1445-1510), me te Mazachcho (1401-1428).

Rawa toi rongonui Donatello ko te wā (1386-1466). I roto i ana mahi te nuinga te momo portrait. Donatello ano te wa tuatahi mai i tawhito i hanga te whakairo o te tinana tahanga.

Ko te tino nui me kaihoahoa pai-mohiotia o te wā ko Brunelleschi (1377-1446). whakahaere ia ki te whakakotahi Roma me momo Gothic i roto i a ratou mahi. whai wāhi ia i roto i te hanga o fare pureraa, hahi me whare. hoki ano hoahoanga Antique.

Ko te wā o te Renaissance Runga

Tenei wa ko te pua o te Renaissance (1500-1527). Kei Italian Art Center te i Roma, engari i roto i mua i te Florence kore. Ko te take hoki tenei ko te hou Pope Julius II. Ko ia he huru anaanatae, me te faaoti, i roto i tona noho i te torona Rome ki te marae ka puta mai ki te pai tau ahurea o te Renaissance.

I roto i te Roma, ka timata te hanga o nga whare nehenehe, te hanga maha kaiwhakairo masterpieces e ko nga mea o te ao o te toi i roto i to tatou wa. mai Writing frescoes me peita e faahiahia ki to ratou ataahua. E whakawhanake enei rāngai katoa toi, te tautururaa te tahi i te tahi atu.

Ko te ako o te tawhito kei te hoko hohonu. te katoa atu tika anō te ahurea o te wā. I te wa ano marino whakakapi nga anotau Middle playfulness i roto i toi. Heoi, whika o te Renaissance, te rārangi o te mea whānui, tonoa etahi noa etahi āhuatanga o onamata, me te pūtake mō te hanga koutou ake. Ia He ona ake āhuatanga motuhake.

Leonardo Da Vinci

Ko pea ahua mohiotia o te Renaissance Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519). Ko te tuakiri tino pūkenga o te wā tenei. haapii ia painting, waiata, whakairo, pūtaiao. I roto i tona ora, i taea e ki te whakaaroa te rota o nga mea e kua riro wahi o to tatou ora i teie mahana (pahikara, hekerangi, tank, me te pera i runga i) Da Vinci. I te tahi taime mutu ana ngā i roto i te kore, engari tupu te reira no te mea o te meka e etahi o te tenenga, he reira taea ki te mea i mua o te wā.

mohiotia te nuinga o reira ko, o te akoranga, te whakawhetai ki te kiriata "Mona Lisa." Kei te titiro tonu maha pūtaiao i ngā ona mea ngaro. Leonardo mahue i muri i te torutoru ākonga.

Late Renaissance Wā

Ko te wā whakamutunga i roto i te Renaissance (i 1530 ki te 1590-1620 tau., Ko whakawhānui reira etahi karaipi ki 1630, e ara tautohetohe tamau no o tenei).

I roto i Southern Europe, i timata te kaupapa ki te puta (Counter), ko tona whāinga ko ki whakahoki te nui o te Ekalesia Katorika, me te whakapono Karaitiana. te karakia katoa o te tinana tangata kihai i manakohia ki a ia.

Kua hua pakanga maha i roto i te meka i timata ki te whakaatu raruraru o whakaaro. Ka rite ki te hua o te tapepe o te whika karakia Renaissance timata ki te ngaro i te au maite i waenganui i te tangata me te āhua, i waenganui i te i'o, me te wairua. Kua te hua kua te putanga o Mannerism me Baroque.

Anō i roto i Russia

ahurea Renaissance i roto i te tahi mau wāhi i te pānga i runga i to tatou whenua. Heoi, i iti e te tawhiti ka makona ratou nui, me te te āpitihanga ahurea Russian ki he 'Ofotokisií tona pānga.

Ko te rangatira tuatahi, whariki te Renaissance ko te ara ki a Russia Ivan III, e timata ana ki te fakaafe'i te kaihoahoa Italian i roto i tona wa i runga i te torona. Ki te to ratou taenga, āhuatanga hou, me te hangarau hanga. Heoi, he revolution nui i roto i te hoahoanga kihai i tupu.

I roto i 1475 whai wāhi te faaho'iraa mai o te whakaaro Cathedral i te taha o te kaihoahoa Itari Aristotle Fioravanti. piri ia ki nga whakarerenga iho o te ahurea Russian, engari honoa mai ki te hōkai kaupapa.

E te rau tau XVII tika ki te mana o te ata Renaissance Russian hei kiko, engari i te wa ano, whai toi nga kēnana onamata katoa.

I maoro, i taea e ki te ako me te patotuhinga Russia. Heoi, ko te tohatoha motuhake riro te reira i anake i roto i te rau tau XVII. E rave rahi o te hangarau e e puta i roto i Europa, a hohoro kawemai ki Russia, te wahi pai ake a meinga wahi o te iho. Hei tauira, kia rite ki te kotahi whakapae, i kawemai te vodka i Itari, kua muri whakarerekē reira te tātai, me i 1430 puta te putanga Russian o te inu.

mutunga

hoatu te Renaissance te ao maha pūmanawa toi, kairangahau, pūtaiao, kaiwhakairo me kaihoahoa. Mai i te maha nui o ingoa taea te tāutuhia te hunga e mohiotia, ka whakanuia te nuinga e.

Philosopho me pūtaiao:

• Bruno.
• Galileo.
• Pico della Mirandola.
• Nikolay Kuzansky.
• Machiavelli.
• Campanella.
• Paracelsus.
• Nīkara.
• Munzer.

Kaituhi me kaitito:

• F. Petrarca.
• Dante.
• J .. Boccaccio.
• Rabelais.
• Cervantes.
• Shakespeare.
• E. Rotterdam.

Architects, kaipeita me kaiwhakairo:

• Donatello.
• Leonardo da Vinci.
• N. pisano.
• A. Rossellino.
• S. Botticelli.
• Raphael.
• Michelangelo.
• Bosch.
• Titian.
• A. Durer.

O te akoranga, ko te noa he wahi iti o nga whika o te Renaissance tenei, engari enei iwi i waiho tona faahoho'araa mō tokomaha.