Parau tumu Le Chatelier o: te pakaruhanga pūtaiao o te rau tau 18

Ko te meka o te oraraa o te parau tumu Le Chatelier o, he tokomaha mohio i te kura. Ko torutoru mahino a taea whakamārama he aha rite ko te parau tumu pai-mohiotia.

korerotia pūtaiao French te ao e pā ana ki te taurite hihiri o te ture i roto i 1884. Hoki te mutunga o te rautau tekau mā iwa, he tino nui te kitenga, ka tohoaki'i tonu te aro o te hapori pūtaiao. Otiia e tika ana ki te kore o te mahi tahi pūtaiao ao me rau tau te hawhe mua, te pakaruhanga pūtaiao o Le Chatelier mohio anake ana iwi. I roto i 1887, te displacement o te taurite matū i roto i te tikanga huringa waho, ka mea te pūtaiao Tiamana Karl Ferdinand Braun, takitahi kitea te ture pūtaiao taua, pera i raro i-Kāti i runga i te French Open. Ehara i na roto i te tupono noa, kei te maha tuku tenei parau tumu ki rite te parau tumu o Le Chatelier - Brown.

Na he aha te mea te parau tumu o Le Chatelier?

Ko te ngākau nui tonu te pūnaha i roto i te taurite ki te pupuri i tona toenga me ki te kaupare i te waho ope, āhuatanga me te tikanga. E pā ana tēnei ture ki tetahi pūnaha me te mo tetahi tukanga: matū, hiko, aunoa, waiariki. O ngā faufaa mahi o te parau tumu Le Chatelier o ko ki te reversible tauhohe matū.

Mana o te pāmahana i runga i te tere o te tauhohenga ko tika ti'aturi i runga i te momo o te tauhohenga i te pānga waiariki. Ki te whakanui ake i kitea pāmahana neke taurite ki te tauhohe pauwera. E tukupu ana te pāmahana, aua, arata'i ki te neke o te taurite matū ki te tauhohenga putawera. kite te take mo tenei te i roto i te meka e i roto i te pūnaha werohia o taurite waho ope reira ki te āhua iti ti'aturi i runga i ngā āhuatanga o waho. faaite ti'aturiraa o tukanga pauwera me putawera o te āhua o te taurite e van't Hoff:

V2 = w1 * y (T2-T1) / 10

Ko - ai V2 te auau tauhohe matū i te pāmahana ke, w1 - tuatahi tere tauhohe, y - he tohu o te rerekētanga pāmahana.

ahu pūtaiao Swedish Arrhenius te tātai fakafalala taupūtanga o te auau tauhohe i runga i te pāmahana.

K = He • e (-e (RT)), te wahi E - whakahohenga pūngao, R - ao tamau hau, t- te pāmahana i roto i te pūnaha. Ko te uara A he tamau.

Ka rite ki te neke tauritenga matū kitea piki pēhanga i roto i te ahunga i reira tangohia nga matū ake iti iho rōrahi. Ki te, neke te rōrahi o te rauemi tīmatanga rōrahi nui o ngā hua tauhohenga ko te taurite ki nga wae tīmatanga. Fakatatau ki ai, ki te nui te rōrahi te rōrahi o te hua tauhohe o matū hohe, neke te taurite te ki te pūhui matū hua. Kei te riro te reira e ia kamiriona o hau ni'ai te rōrahi taua i raro i tikanga noa. Otiia e kore e te huringa i roto i te pēhanga i roto i te pūnaha pā tonu te toenga matū. E whakaatu ana parau tumu Le Chatelier o e te tauhohenga tua i roto i te hau e mangere taui te pēhanga, engari ko te pūnaha i taurite. I roto i tenei tauhohenga te pēhanga tino anake e pā e te ana ki te matū hohe (e kore irahiko free haumāmā, e kore e ariu reira ki te matū i roto i te pūnaha).

Addition ki te tauhohenga te nui etahi o te taonga arata'i ki te nekehanga o te taurite ki te taha o te tukanga wahi tenei taonga riro iti.

he akiaki taurite. Te reira te "pakaru" me "hāngai" noatia i roto i te akoranga o te tauhohenga. Te whakamārama i tēnei āhuatanga i roto i te tauira. otinga Hydrogenation pūkeha i hanga waikawa hydrobromic. He haere mai te wa ka hanga e te hua whakamutunga te rawa nui, nui tona rōrahi te nui katoa o te monomolecule hauwai me te pūkeha, pōturi te auau tauhohe. Ki te tapiritia ki te pūnaha, ko te hauwai bromo ranei, haere te tauhohenga i roto i te huarahi i te ritenga.