Vocabulary i roto i ngā o te takenga. Ko te pūnaha wetereo o te reo Russian hou. kupu hou

reo Russian, rite ki tetahi atu, he tona pūnaha wetereo tipu e kua runga kore senituli tika, a tae noa tauatini. hanganga kupu he takenga rerekē. Kei te tawhiti te reira me taketake kupu Russian me tono. Vocabulary me wetereo takenga o kupu whakaako i roto i te kura, me te te manga Philological.

ariā taketake

Ko te reo Russian he pūnaha wetereo taonga, te hanganga o nei timata i roto i te Neolithic me tonu i tenei ra. ngaro ētahi kupu i te reo o te kupu kaha, hei archaisms, ētahi i tomo ki roto ki to matou kupu, hei te wāhi o reira.

I roto i te papakupu o te pūnaha reo i roto i ngā o te takenga e wehea ki tono me taketake Russian. Primordially kupu Russian ko e pā ana ki 90% o te hanganga wetereo. Ko te toenga no ki tarewa. I tua atu, i ia tau whakahoutia to matou papakupu ki ngā kupu hou, me ngā ariā e whakatika rite ki te hua o te ahunga whakamua pūtaiao, me te hangarau.

kupu Primordially Russian

Ko primordially te awa matua kupu Russian. I roto i tenei rōpū ko nga subgroups e whai ake nei fakafekau'aki ki te wāhanga o te whanaketanga, e kore anake te reo engari ano hoki o te iwi:

1. papakupu Indo-Pākehā.
2. Slavic Common.
3. Old Russian.
4. Mau Russian.

Pau i roto i teie mau wā hanga i te pūtake o te kupu, te tuara o to tatou kupu. Ko tona, a kia whakaaro tuatahi.

wā Indo-Pākehā

Primordially kupu Russian i roto i ngā o te take mai rā hoki ki te wā Neolithic. Āhuatanga e te aroaro o tetahi wā, te Proto katoa - Indo, i ngāue tata II Mileniuma BC. Na roto i te Ko nga ingoa o te kararehe te kupu o tenei rōpū, ki te ariā tirohia ki whanaungatanga, te kai. Hei tauira: whaea, tamahine, te kau, puru, kai me etahi atu. E ratou katoa he correspondences orokati i roto i ētahi atu reo. Hei tauira, kua he tangi rite i roto i te reo Ingarihi (whaea), me Tiamana (ngunguru ana) te kupu whaea.

atamira Slavic Common

Kua puta ake Common kupu Slavic huri noa te BC VI rau. I riro te reira i i te iwi rerekē e noho i roto i te rohe o nga Balkans, Central me Eastern Europe.

Ko te papakupu o te wā e pā ana ki te rōpū wetereo-pū, e kua whakamahia ki te kōrero ki ngā wāhanga o te ingoa tinana, kararehe, taiao, wā wa, ngā tipu me te puawai, ingoa o nga wahi o whare, taputapu. Ko te tauira tino a Tūrongo, o ngā kupu, ka ora taua i tenei wā: oki, Linden, ngahere puruhi, rakau, rau, rai, parei, kiri, hoe, whare, whakamahau, tuanui, heihei, kuihi, kvass, tiēre. Plast Ko tūturu i roto i te kupu iwi te nuinga Slavic tenei.

wā tawhito

Old Russian (Te Tai Rāwhiti Slavic ranei) tomo kupu to tatou papakupu i roto i te wā whakataunga Slavic i runga i te rohe o Europe hou, e pā ana ki ngā rau tau XI-IX. Ko hoki tenei te wā o te hanganga o te hanganga o te kāwanatanga o Kievan Rus, arā, IX-XIV rautau. Whakaurua nga kupu pēnei i te pai, kukupa, matua keke, tau, Pinihi, te pūmua, e wha tekau, e iwa tekau i tenei ra.

E āhuatanga hoki enei kupu i te aroaro o ngā kuhimua ¯, ko koe he, mua- vz-. Hei tauira: te paratunu, ki patoto, ki mutu, ki te hopu ake.

Kimihia kupu i hanga i roto i tenei wā, ko reira taea anake i roto i reo Russian, Ukrainian me Belarusian.

I roto i te hanganga iwi Russian

Mai i te rau tau XIV i roto i te reo Russian te timata ki te puta i te kupu wetereo hou. puta ēnei kupu i muri i te parariraa o te reo Old Slavonic ki reo Russian, Ukrainian me Belarusian. Hei mau nga kupu Russian e pēnei i ki amuamu, pepapātū, kāpeti puru, wheako.

Tenei ngā tūingoa katoa i hanga ki te pīmuri -schik, -ovschik, -telstvo, -w (he). Hei tauira: he ahi whakapoko, rōpū, iwi, karoretanga. Kei roto i tēnei adverbs me te kaiahuwhenua, i roto i te ngahuru, tūmahi ngohengohe, takataka ki te māharahara.

E matau ana enei āhuatanga, ka taea e koe ngāwari tātai i te kupu i hanga i tenei wā o te whanaketanga.

Ko te whakamutunga i roto i te hanganga o te paparanga matua mau tohu Russian tēnei wā.

i äta

Mai nga wa onamata, ki te iwi Russian whakawhanake hokohoko kore anake me hononga ahurea, engari ano hoki tōrangapū, me te hōia. Kua arahina tenei katoa ki tono reo. Kia i roto i te kupu Russian i roto i te pūnaha wetereo ke i raro i tona mana, me meinga wahi o tona kupu. Kupu Whakawhiti nui taonga te reo Russian, kawea ia he rota o hou.

I tono ētahi kupu katoa, kia rite ki te mea kua tipu etahi - riro tuatahi pīmuri Russian arohere ranei, e te mutunga arahina ki te hanganga o te hou, kua nei kua te takenga o te kupu Russian. Hei tauira, te kupu "rorohiko" tomo matou papakupu tonu, engari ko te kupu "pūtaiao karihi" te whakaaro ki te whai taketake Russian, mai hoki kua hanga i te reira i te kupu "ngota" tono o taketake tauira kupu-hanganga Russian.

Tohatoha tono i Slavic me Turkish, reo Roma, Kariki, Tiamana, me te Romance reo, e ngā Ingarihi, Tiamana, Italian, Pāniora, Tatimana.

staroslavyanizmy

I muri i te whakatamarikitanga o Karaitiana i te mutunga o te rau tau X i roto i te reo Russian kua tae mai te rota o kupu. I hono te reira ki te putanga i roto i Russia o ngā pukapuka Ekalesia Slavonic. Old Ekalesia Slavonic ranei Old Bulgarian, Ekalesia Slavonic, te reo e whakamahia ana e te maha o ngā whenua Slavic rite te reo i tuhituhia tuhituhi, i i whakamahia mo te translation o te pukapuka hahi Kariki.

I haere mai tona reo Russian ngā Siasí, kupu hoki ariā waitara. Ko ētahi o ēnei ko te tohunga, ripeka, te mana, te kino, te au, me te tini ke atu. I te tīmatanga, i te kupu raraunga e whakamahia anake i roto i te tuhituhi, kupu pukapuka, engari ngoto ki te waha i runga i te wā.

Ekalesia Slavonic papakupu i roto i ngā o te take mai he te āhuatanga e whai ake nei:

1. Ko te pera-ka karanga nepolnoglasie te kupu pakiaka. Hei tauira: te kuwaha riro ranei. I roto i tenei take, i reira he kōwhiringa polnoglasnymi tatau, me te ki tonu.
2. Ko te huinga o te tereina i roto i te kupu pakiaka. He tauira a Tūrongo, ko te kupu te tohanga.
3. Te aroaro i roto i te kupu orokati u, hei tauira i roto i te kupu marama.
4. e oropuare i roto i te timatanga o te kupu, me te aroaro o orokati pakeke: kotahi.
5. La ōna wāhanga, te PA me te timatanga o te kupu. Hei tauira: te kamaka rite.
6. Ko te aroaro o ngā pouaka WHO-tihi, chrez-. Hei tauira: utu, nui.
7. Hiku -stvi-, -usch-, -yusch-, -asch-, -yasch-: whakaiti, tahu, rewa.
Wāhanga o te kupu tuatahi te Atua-mārire, mārere, greho-, dushe-, pai-oranga:-wehi Atua, zlonravie manaaki.

Enei kupu he i tenei ra whakamahia i roto i te reo Rusia. I te wa ano, whakapae torutoru iwi e mau ka karanga kore e te tohu i te pakiaka Russian, me te ke māori. Tino maha taea te ratou kitea i roto i te tuhinga Bibilia, mahi o Talafungani o tuhinga Russian.

tohu Polish

I roto i te whai whakaaro i te pātai, he aha te mea te kupu i roto i ngā o te take, e kore e taea e matou e wareware e pā ana ki tarahu i te reo Polish, i timata i roto i nga rau tau XVII-XVIII. O reo Te Hau-ā-uru Slavic kua ngoto matou ki to tatou kupu pēnei i taonga whare, kaipani, koni, periwinkle, tāmi. E tano ia tapao e anötia ratou, e kore reo Russian engari ano Ukrainian anake, Belarusian.

tono Kariki

He tinana nui o i äta Kariki. Tomo ki roto ki to matou reo, ka anga ia i roto i te wā o te kotahitanga-Slavic katoa. Ko te tawhito tino wetereo "mau horo'a" he kupu pērā i Chamber of Commerce, moenga kōhua.

I roto i te wā i IX ki rautau XI kua enei kupu tono: hei Anatema, anahera, pāngarau, rama, hītori, rapunga whakaaro, pukatuhi, sauna, rama. I roto i te wā tono kupu muri e pā ana ki te kupu o te toi me pūtaiao: pukuhohe, anapaest, arorau, faaauraa, a he tokomaha atu ariā e e u i roto i te taputapu terminological o te nuinga o te pūtaiao hou.

E tano ia tapao e tika ana ki te mana o te kupu Kariki, me te Byzantine me faahitiraa parau o te reo Russian nui taonga. Heoi, i roto i enei whenua i te pānga ki runga ki a ratou ano ite kore te pūtaiao anake, kia rite ki philology, engari te pāngarau hoki, ahupūngao, te matū, me te toi.

Latin

I roto i te wā i te XVI ki VXIII rautau i roto i te reo Russian ngā o kupu Latin i taonga te moni wetereo i te parae o ngā pūtaiao, hangarau, pāpori me te tōrangapū. ngā ratou te nuinga i roto i Ukrainian me Polish. Rawa wāhi kaha tenei ki te whanaketanga o te mātauranga me te pūtaiao, me te whanaunga hītori, me te ahurea o enei whenua.

Mai i haere mai i te reo Latin ki a tatou ariā kua waia pērā i hararei, pānga, kaiwhakahaere, whakarongo, kura, te tukanga, te iwi whānui, te revolution, me ētahi atu.

reo Turkic

Kua roa kua reira whiti ki te Tatars, nga Turkey matou huarahi. O te reo Turkic i roto i Russian tomo kupu pērā i te peara, te kano, tira, mākete moni, merengi, bathrobe, kohu, tarau, tika hoiho ingoa: roan, kokoru, buckskin.

Pai io tarewa puta i Tatar. Nā ki te hononga arumoni, ahurea, me te hōia e kua vai i waenganui i to tatou iwi i runga i te maha o ngā rau tau.

Scandinavian

Tino iti te tono o te reo Scandinavian - Swedish, Norwegian. Tomo te wā mua no o nga whanaunga hokohoko i vai i waenganui i to tatou iwi ara i roto i te wā i mua i-Kalisitiané.

Ko nga kupu tino a Tūrongo, ngoto ki te pūnaha wetereo Russian: ingoa, Ikoa ko Oleg, ingoa hua - hopu, pud, te matau, te rewa, he popore.

reo Pākehā Western

Ko te takenga mai o te kupu o te reo Russian hou, Kei te tata hono tona whanaketanga ki te maha o ngā reo Pākehā. I muri i te hanganga o Pita ahau, i roto i nga rau tau XVII-XVIII, i roto i te reo Russian ngā tohu o ngā reo Pākehā Western.

haere mai te Tiamana ki to tatou reo i te maha o ngā kupu mo te hōia, arumoni me te kiritaki kupu, pūtaiao, me te toi: he poromihi, te tokotoko, te kāpara, here, papa peita, huihui whenua.

Dutch "ngā" ki te ngā Urungi Russian: dockyard, whanga, pairati, kaipuke, hēramana. Kua tae mai hoki Marine me ngā i te reo Ingarihi: Midshipman, Brig.

tomo matou i te reo Ingarihi ki to tatou pūnaha me kupu wetereo pērā i kia kaua, kauhanga, poikiri, hākinakina, mutu, keke, purini.

I roto i te rau tau XX me ngā nga kupu o nga ao hangarau me te hākinakina, pūtea, me te arumoni, toi. kupu hou, i tāpiritanga ki to tatou pūnaha wetereo: he rorohiko, he kōnae, paita, te roanga, hokohoko, riihi, whakaaturanga korero, e mau, tohutohu Tuhinga.

I roto i XVIII-XIX senituli i roto i te reo Russian tomo ano nga kupu o te reo Wīwī - poroporo, kakahu, koti, koti, hupa, heihei, wharepaku, ope taua hoia, kaiwhakaari, tākaro, kaiwhakahaere.

O Italian a Spanish tae i roto i te ngā puoro Russian, nga ngā o te kingitanga o toi: tikanga aria Choral Himene, Sonata, taiopenga, gondola Serenade, kita.

Katoa o ratou e tonu kaha mahi i roto i to tatou pūnaha wetereo, me e pā ana ki te wahi, me pehea i haere mai ratou, e nehenehe tatou e haapii mai i te papakupu.

Ka whakaüngia

I te wā o te pūnaha wetereo reo Russian whakahoutia ki nga kupu hou o nāianei. Ko wāhanga o te reo i te putanga o ngā ariā me ari hou ratou. A, no te ara ake te kaupapa o te hui ranei mea me ngā kupu hou ki te tautapa ratou. kihai i whakaurua tonu ratou i roto i te kupu hohe.

Hoki te i, whakaaro te kupu e ki te waiho i te kupu hou, ka hoko tino noa, me te mau pūmau i roto i te reo. Mua kupu, kua whängai atu i te mema pionie o te Komsomol, te vavā, Khrushchev me etahi atu. Na, kahore he tangata e whakapae ratou whängai atu.

papakupu

Hei taki i ngā kupu i roto i ngā o te takenga whakamahia te i roto i te take ngā, ka taea e koe tahuri ki papakupu etymological. Ratou taipitopito te takenga o te kupu, tona Etymology tuatahi. Ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te kura, me te poto papakupu etymological , ētita e H. Shang, "Russian papakupu etymological" A. E. Anikina ranei "papakupu etymological» P. A. Krylova, me ētahi atu.

Ako i te tikanga o te kupu ke e haere mai ki a tatou i reo ke, he taea reira, te whakamahi i te faahiahia "Dictionary o Words Foreign" whakatika Ozhegova.

E ako ana i te kura

Vocabulary i roto i ngā o te take, me te whakamahi e te nuinga o ako i roto i te akoranga kura o te reo Russian i roto i te wāhanga "Lexicology me faahitiraa parau." Te nuinga aro tenei kaupapa utu i roto i te 5-6 ngā kōeke th, me te te 10. ako ngā ākonga te takenga o ngā kupu me collocations, ratou tikanga, ako ki te wehewehe i waenganui i a ratou, mahi ki rerekē papakupu.

I roto i ētahi wā, ka taea e ngā kaiako te whakapau electives katoa, ngā mahi anō-marau i oti rawa ki te ako o te takenga mai o nga kupu.

He aha ngā rauemi taea te whakamahi i roto i te ako o te kaupapa "LEXIS i ngā o te takenga"? Ripanga ki te whakarōpū me tauira o ngā tuhinga i roto i reo rerekē, kei roto Russian reo tono kupu, me papakupu.

Hono ako i te University

Rawa i roto i te taipitopito ako te kupu i te wāhi o te tirohanga o te takenga o te Whare Wānanga, te Faculty o philology. hoatu te kaupapa kei te he torutoru haapiiraa i roto i te akoranga "Lexicology me faahitiraa parau o te reo Russian hou." I te awheawhe, wetewete i ngā ākonga i te whānuitanga o ngā tuhinga, i kitea i te whenua kupu Russian, ka tono i roto i a ratou, whakarōpū ratou, mahi ki papakupu. Tautuhi me te taea stylistic tono, kupu tawhitotia.

I kauwhau me hui ngā te whakarōpū o ngā kupu i roto i te take, te whakamahi me te mahi o te reo Russian hou. Tēnei huarahi e āhei ngā ākonga hiahia ki te rangatira matauranga o te tino hohonu whakaarohia e te kaupapa ako.

ngā kitenga

Tetahi kupu i roto i te pūnaha wetereo he ona ake hītori, me ona takenga mai. Kua roa ētahi kupu i mahi i roto i to tatou reo, mai te wā ka whakahaeretia kotahi, he reo Indo-Pākehā, kua tae mai etahi ki a tatou i roto i rerekē wā wa o te Slavic me reo Pākehā, me tonu etahi kua puta ake i roto i te whanaketanga o te hangarau mōhiohio hou.

He mahara ki te hītori o te takenga mai o etahi kupu e te tauturu ia tatou e kore noa ki te matau ratou auraa hohonu, engari te ahu ano hoki te whanaketanga o te tikanga to matou whenua o i tetahi wa ranei i tetahi.