"Sakhalin-1". kaupapa Oil me te hau i runga i te moutere o Sakhalin

He nui nga rāhui tūhuratia o waiwaro i te ao, engari kua whakawhanakehia e kore katoa o te mara hinu. Ko te take matua mō te "downtime" - öhanga kaore. E rave rahi o te paparanga hinu-amo e takoto i roto i te wai hohonu, ranei (me) i roto i ngā wāhi mamao mō te whanaketanga. Ko te nui tuatahi i te motu Odoptu mara Sakhalin moutere kitea e tohunga pūtaiao Soviet i roto i 1977, engari i muri i anake te tekau tau ki te huri tikanga mākete me te whanaketanga o ngā hangarau hou o te hanga o Sakhalin koura mangu hei pai kua.

pea

Hei wāhanga o te "Sakhalin-1" mai te whanaketanga me te mahi o te hinu, me te hau e toru mara - he Odoptu, Chayvo me te D-. E tū ana ki te raki o te moutere o Sakhalin i te Moana o Okhotsk. Ratou pea rāhui whakahoki e nui (engari e kore e record) - 2.3 piriona oko o te hinu, 485 piriona mita pūtoru o hau ^3.

Ki te tangohia e tatou ki pūkete te katoa te kaha o tuati-mahi "Sakhalin-1" me te "Sakhalin 2" ka kei i te wāhanga tuatahi o te "Sakhalin-3", te tapeke rāhui o tërä rohe hau nui 2.4 trillion m ³ hinu - i runga i 3.2 piriona oko. Ko reira i huaina kahore kairīpoata aituā te motu "tuarua te Kuwait".

Heoi, faingataa production i enei mara e te aroaro o te tio mōkihi ki runga ki te ono mita matotoru i roto i te ono ki te whitu nga marama o te tau, me te te tai kaha me te mahi rū puta noa i te tau. Ko te hiahia ki te hinga ngaahi faingata'a e pā ana ki ngā āhuatanga huarere kino, me te whakatūnga i roto i tenei rohe mamao o te katoa hinu, me te hau hanganga tāutuhia te huru ahurei o nga raruraru kei mua i te kaupapa.

History o te kaupapa

Roa i mua i te whakatinanatanga o te kaupapa "Sakhalin-1" ki tohunga pūtaiao, ko reira mārama e kei nga rauemi pūwaro o te motu i waho te whenua i runga i te pa'epa'e, engari kihai i ratou rahui mohiotia. I roto i te o 70 mahi te whakamāramatanga o te rōrahi o putunga o te kamupene i roto i "Sakhalinmorneftegaz". Na ka piri mahi tūhura SODEKO te huinga o tata Japan, i tenei ra rangatira i roto i nga kaiuru o te kaupapa.

I roto i te 1977, ko te tuatahi i runga i te pa'epa'e Sakhalin kitea mara hau Odoptu, he tau i muri mai - i te Chayvo mara, a i muri i te 10 nga tau - Arkutun Dagi. Ko te kupu, ka Sakhalin Island he ātaahua pea mo te hanga o waiwaro. Heoi, ko te kore o te haumi tika me whanaketanga hangarau tatatia te whanaketanga ka runga.

pakaruhanga

Na roto i te timatanga o te rau tau XXI kua puta ke te āhuatanga i roto i te rohe. ka meinga Japanese me Korean, rite pai rite te ara i roto i te utu o te pūngao te kaupapa "Sakhalin-1" utua atu - te tipu hiahia o nga öhanga kaha tino i roto i te ao. Te nuinga o te haumi, me tino nui - hangarau āwhina hurihia ei kaporeihana "Exxon-Mobil" (EM). Whai wāhitanga o te rōpū tino ngaio, e kua 85 tau o te wheako i roto i te hinu, me te hau whanaketanga i roto i te āhuarangi Arctic, i āwhina ki te whakaoti maha ngā raruraru.

I te kau, te operator tūturu o te kaupapa - "tamahine" o kaporeihana "EM", "Exxon Neftegas Limited". Ko te reira i te mahi ahumahi matua. Huinga ato'a solves he maha o ngā pāpori-ōhanga i roto i te rohe Sakhalin me te Khabarovsk Territory tata, i roto ia ratou - te whanaketanga o te ōhanga o te rohe, te mātauranga me te whakangungu o ngā kaimahi ngaio Russian, hōtaka pāpori, te aroha, me te ake.

ngā mema o te huinga

Tenei kaupapa hinu me te hau - he tauira o te mahi tahi te ao angitu i roto i te geophysical matatini, huarere, me ngā āhuatanga matawhenua. ratou mau tautooraa ki te whakatinana i te kaupapa ngā:

• Mega-kaporeihana "Exxon Mobil" (USA): 30% o te hea (i roto i te hononga ki te aukati tonu te whai wāhitanga o kamupene American i roto i te pātai).
• SODEKO Consortium (Hapani): 30%.
• RGCs "Rosneft" e te hinonga mana "Sakhalinmorneftegas-Shelf" (11.5%) me "RN-Astra" (8.5%).
• STC "ONGC Videsh Ltd." (India): 20%.

ka te whakapaipai o te hinu Sakhalin te pa o Okha.

hōtaka mahi

I te wāhanga tuatahi puta "Sakhalin 1" mapulei putunga OPF te whakamahi i te moana "upoko" pūhara kōhao me tāuta whenua "Hawk". I roto i te tīmatanga o Oketopa 2005, he tekau tau i muri i te tīmatanga o te whanaketanga, i hua te hinu tuatahi i te Chayvo mara. Ka rite ki te hua o te otinga i roto i te mutunga o 2006. Ko te hanga pūru Production Facility (OPF), te rōrahi o te hanga i roto i te Hui-tanguru 2007 moni ki 250,000 oko, (34,000 taranata) o te hinu ia ra. I roto i te wāhanga e whai ake nei o te kaupapa tīmata ki te whakawhanake i rāhui hau i Chayvo mō te kaweake.

Na "Hawk" i oho ki te mara tūtata Odoptu hoki kōhao atu, me te hanga o ngā waiwaro. Ka rite ki hau, me te hinu e haere mai ana i ngā putunga OPF, tokomanawa kawea te hinu te ki te whakataunga DeKastri kāpeka (tuawhenua Krai, i runga i te Tartar Strait) mo te atu uee mo kaweake, me tukua hau te i Sakhalin ki te mākete motu.

timata te atamira i muri ki te whanaketanga o te toru o nga parae (te nui i te rohe) He D-a Chayvo hau e ka kī ki te whakaputa i ngā waiwaro tae noa ki 2050. I roto i te tikanga ki te whakapiki ake i te kakama ōhanga, me te whakapai ake i te mahi o te tukanga tangohia te ki pūkete te ahurei ringa-i runga i wheako riro i roto i te wāhanga tuatahi o te whanaketanga.

Rig "Hawk"

Ko e pā ana ki te rongoā ki te wero fai e natula whanaketanga o te hinu, me te hau i roto i tenei rohe. ngā takiwā makariri kino, mara tio kaha i roto i nga wai moutere, ngā te hanganga arowhenua o te hinu ka ui whakamahi ia i te tautuhinga arā atu anō.

Ko te whakapehapeha o te kaupapa katoa te Rig kōhao "Hawk", ki te "hinengaro" o e rave rahi pūkete ao me te roa me te tere o puna tāne. Tenei Ko tetahi o nga tāuta hāngai whenua-kaha tino i roto i te ao. Kei te hangaia kōwae 70-mita mō te mahi i roto i ngā rohe Arctic rū, me te matao, ka taea he tuatahi poutū me ka rua drill ultra-roa whakapae i raro i te moana ki te roa oko katoa o neke atu i te 11 kiromita.

I roto i kua whakapumautia kua te kōhao o enei puna e rave rahi pūkete ao i runga i te roa oko - i te ara, ko tenei te wahi i tāne te puna te record 12,700 mita Z42 (Pipiri 2013). Na roto i te whakamahi o te hangarau kōhao nui-tere, i te mea te taonga o te kaporeihana "ExxonMobil" rua "Sakhalin-1" haere te record hohoro.

Ki te awhina o te "whatura" poka tāne i uta i raro i te whenua i te koki ki te takanga o mara moutere, ai te whakaiti i te kawenga i runga i te āhua pare ahurei o enei wahi. I tua atu, whakakapi te kōwae āhua whāiti nga hanganga nui e kua hiahiatia ki te hanga i runga i te moana nui i roto i ngā āhuatanga tio uaua i roto i te hotoke. Ka rite ki te hua, nui penapena i roto i te whakahaere, me te whakapaipai utu. I muri whakaoti mahi i runga i te Chayvo mara, "Hawk" hou, ka oho ki te whanaketanga tata Odoptu.

"Orlan" pūhara

I tua atu ki te tāutanga whenua "Hawk", mara hau-hinu o "Sakhalin-1" taukei i tetahi "manu whakakake" - te moana "Orlan" pūhara keri. hua te tūāpapa rauemi i roto i te rohe tonga-hauauru o te Chayvo parae.

whakaturia 50-mita hanganga tiketike mahara kei i te raro o te moana o Okhotsk, tona hohonu i tenei wāhi - 14 mita. "Orlan" i roto i te 2005 tāne 20 puna. I 21 borehole traversed meneti "Hawk" ki te uta, te nui o te taua puna record mō te hinu, me te hau i roto i te kotahi mara. Ko te rōrahi o te hanga hinu nui haere maha nga wa.

I te "Orlan" 9 marama o te tau karapotia e te tio, e pā ana te mahi kei te ki te whakatau i mua mohiotia ki raruraru production te whenua o. I tua atu ki ngā āhuatanga rū, me te huarere matatini e e faatiti'aifarohia raruraru logistical uaua.

"Berkut" Pūhara

Ko te tüäpapa hōu, huihui i nga shipyards o South Korea me pai tukua i roto i 2014 ki te mara He D-tenei. Ngā Āhuatanga o "Berkut" Ko ara atu faahiahia atu te "Eagle". I roto i waka (i te mea 2.6 mano km) kihai i he maiki kotahi. Ko te hanga hangaia ki te tu tio me te rua-mita ngaru 18-mita i -44 c.

pūnaha faaineineraa production pūru

Tangohia i mara OPF me waiwaro Odoptu tukua ki te OPF. Tenei te hau, ko te wehenga o te wai, me te hinu, ki te ū i te reira no te waka atu mō te kaweake i roto i hou kāpeka hinu kaweake ki te DeKastri whakataunga horoi hau mō kiritaki kāinga. Fully tipu motuhake hangaia mō te tukatuka o āhua 250,000 oko o te hinu, me te ato'a 22.4 mcm ³ o te hau ia ra.

I roto i te hanga o nga kaihoahoa Chayvo tono tikanga nui-modular o hanga. Plant rite hanganga huihui i 45 kōwae teitei rerekē. Kei te āta hangaia ahanoa katoa mo te mahi i roto i te āhuarangi pakeke o te Far. Te nuinga whakaaro - i hanga o whakarewa, ka taea e te tu pāmahana rite iti rite -40 ° C.

Hoki te tuku o kōwae taimaha ki te pae hanga puta noa te Chayvo Bay hanga he piriti 830-mita ahurei. Nā ki tenei hanga o te Sakhalin Island ko te ahua o te record - whakaaro te piriti e ōrite roa, nui rawa te roa o te whitinga Rapa awa nui o Siberia - te Ob me Irtysh. Ko hoki te hanga e tika ana mō ngā hepara - te ara ki te puni taiga heke tino.

pūmanawa kaweake

I hanga te matatini katoa o "Sakhalin-1, 2, 3" ki te kanohi i runga i tāwāhi rauemi. He he ōhanga Japanese tītaha "torere", kahore iti kaha i roto i South Korea, e kore te hara ki te whakamahi i te wāhi matawhenua putunga pūwaro taonga pai. I tua atu, i te kaupapa ka taea te wahi nui o te rauemi raw (te nuinga hau) kawea ki te 'tuawhenua' (Russia continental). Ko te ngā kaiwhakauru matua o Okhotsk hinu ko Japan me South Korea.

kaweake o te hangarau, ko te rite whai:

1. Gas me te hinu i puna whangai ki te whakato o te BCP.
2. Na, i pūru o whakatere i roto i Tatar kuiti kai raina mahue i roto i te whakataunga DeKastri i rawa rawa kāpeka kaweake hōu.
3. Gas mo te wahi tino haere ki kiritaki Russian, a kei te rongoa hinu i roto i tāke nui, te wahi haponohia mā waka kura ki te ū mamao.

DeKastri

Whanaketanga o putunga hinu i roto i nga tikanga o te Far Te Tai Rāwhiti ka ui ki te whakaoti i te raruraru transportation i riria o ngā rauemi mata. Tāpiri i te tauranga, ka kore whakaritea ai ki Sakhalin me te tuawhenua - i roto i te tauranga o De-Kastri. koura Black konei mai i roto i nga putorino, me ka - taraka hinu. I hanga te kāpeka "i te wahanga", me te hangarau hou.

Ngā mihi ki te kāpeka riro te taupori rohe atu mahi nui-te aufauraa, i reira nga whakahau mō te waka me te mahi kamupene rohe, ake pāpori-pāpori, hanganga whakataunga hapori.

Hoki te tau-a tawhio transportation hianga e hiahiatia ana, me te hanga taraka ahurei tikanga tio pakeke o te piha haapiiraa "Afromaks", me te icebreakers tahi. Hoki 5 tau o mahi o te tauranga, kahore te maiki kotahi haponohia 460 taraka. haere Tapeke roto i te tauranga i runga i 45 miriona toni.

mahi Kawenga me haumaru

Kaimahi me Contractors mahi "Sakhalin-1" kaupapa 68 miriona haora ki te haumaru pai me injuries, e tawhiti nui te toharite ahumahi. Tautukunga ki tā ngā waeture whakarite e ture tino me te mana o ngā mahi production.

mehua Taiao E whai wāhi nui o te hanganga me te mahi o te kaupapa, me te whakauru i te maha o ngā hōtaka motuhake mo te tiaki o te kararehe, tae atu ki te tiaki o te tohorā hina te uru, ekara te moana o Steller me ētahi atu tangata.

kōrero Active ki te taupori taketake o Sakhalin ENL i āwhina tautuhi i te raruraru rohe rû roa. I roto i ngā, whakaaetia te hinu e whakamahi hepara rohe tona piriti hanga puta noa te Chayvo Bay mo te haonga ā-tau o kau renitia.

Kukume me te whakangungu o te kaimahi Russian

I te wāhanga tuatahi o te whanaketanga mō tangata Russian i hanga 13 000 mahi. Whai wāhi ngā kaimahi rohe hanga whai wāhitanga hou me whai wāhi ki te whanaketanga ōhanga whānui, me te rohe. I te wa ano, pā ENL te nuinga o ngā paerewa whakahaere hou, me tikanga o te haumaru, me te hangarau hanga, he kōhao, hanga, me te whakapanga o pipelines.

Hei te mahi i te pae production ngā neke atu i te kotahi rau Engineers Russian me tikanga. Ia o nga tikanga e utua ana haere he akoranga whakangungu wā roa-. i tonoa etahi o ratou mo whakangungu ki te taonga o te kamupene "Exxon Mobil" i roto i te United States me Canada.

motu Āwhina

Ko te hangarau hōtaka whakangungu kaituku me kaikirimana whai wāhi atu me te ake noho o Sakhalin. Te mahi i roto i te taha ki te Agency mō Development International (USA), whai wāhi te kaituku mahi ki te tohu o welders roto i te whakahaere o ngā akoranga whakangungu motuhake, me te whakarato taurewa moroiti mo te wahi o te whakangungu pakihi, me te whanaketanga o te Sakhalin pakihi iti, me te reo-rahi. hanga te huinga kua neke atu i te miriona tara i roto i te pūtea taurewa i roto i i hanga e rima rau mahi, a tautoko neke atu i te 180 pakihi.

Tonu te whakanui ake i te wahi o kamupene Russian rite kaituku me kaikirimana. Ko te utu o kirimana ki ngā umanga motu nui $ 4 piriona, ranei e pā ana ki e rua-hautoru o te utu tapeke o te kirimana kaupapa.

I tua atu ki te whakarato hua kāwanatanga i ara o roiate, whai wāhi te kaupapa ki te whanaketanga o te hanganga rohe - rori e hanga, piriti, hanga o tauranga me rererangi, me ngā pūtahi terenga hauora. Ētahi atu hōtaka tautoko ngā ô aroha ki te mātauranga, hauora, me te whakapai ake i te kaha pūtaiao, me te hangarau rohe.