Charophytes: whakaahuatanga, te hanga, te whakaputa uri me te mahi

Puunaha hauropi, i me te nui, ki te whānuitanga iti whakawhirinaki i runga i te otaota faufaa rōpū raro. Nuinga mana pai i runga taua mea i te tahi mau melo o te piha haapiiraa o runga. He okotahi i roto i te rimurimu. Ēnei ngā charophytes tari, kua vai nei mai nga wa onamata. Ko tētahi atu mea, ko te taua i teie mahana fakafofonga'i tenei rōpū o momo te kore rite whānui rite tahi atu māngai o te kingitanga. E te ara, tenei kāwai o ngä pükohu i huaina harofitami.

ngā mōhiohio whānui e pā ana te rōpū Charales

Waho, te pükohu he tipu nui kouru ki te rota o ngā rerekētanga i te tahi atu mau melo o te kingitanga. Ki te whakatata koe mata ki te tātari hanganga o tenei rōpū, ko reira taea ki te whakapoauau ratou ki nga akomanga o runga o te otaota. Ko e tika ana ki te meka i te hara raro ngā āhuatanga o pükohu me tenei otaota teitei, whakakitea nei i roto i to ratou mahi. He mea nui ki te mōhio e reira he momo rerekē o tenei rōpū, piri i roto i te ahua. Ki te rā, tu atu nga charophytes tauira e whai ake nei: .. Hara Aspera, Nitella Fleksilis, Nitella Sinkarpa etc ētahi momo ahu ki te ora tinana tata o te wai, ētahi atu i he i roto i te whanga, ngā roto uta te tūpuhi. Nuinga o ngā wā Stoneworts tipu ngohi o te maha māngai, kaua ki te kotahi e te kotahi. Ko te kupu, i whai ahua ai ratou rakau, hipoki ngā wāhi nui o te raro awa.

tipu systematics

e kore hoki te wa roa taea pūtaiao whakatau mea ïa o ta rōpū nahanaha o ngā tipu he charophytes i roto i tona mahi matua. Ko te take i hoatu e te aroaro o chlorophyll i te pūtau o ngā rōpū A ko B take ki tautapa te whakato ki te māngai o te tari Chlorophyta. I roto i te manakohia o tenei whakarōpūtanga tohu i te aroaro o te māngaro me te paru rite te manawapa. E ai ki ētahi atu akoranga, kua nga pükohu ngā i roto i te tari Charophyta. Ko te pūtake mō taua tauākī mahi hei peka wawe o te tipu i runga i ngä pükohu matomato. Na tera ano hoki he tirohanga e taea te whakaaro te rōpū hei takawaenga i talingelingá ki pükohu matomato. taua hua Modern o matüora, rāpoi, me te ultrastructural tātaritanga whakatau pehea tari Stoneworts māngai Streptophyta. I roto i te kāwai taua ngā zignematalnye tipu.

Ko te ahua matua o

Hei timata, kia tuhia te reira e reira e toru momo taketake o enei otaota. Tenei tika Hara ko Nitella ko Tolipella. E āhuatanga Māngai o te ahua tuatahi e te tohatoha cosmopolitan me hiahia roto pāpaku. Ratou taiao - he hohonu o 1-1.5 m He mea nui kia ko ma, e kore e paru te wai .. I roto i te tahi mau āhuatanga o tenei ahua e taea te huaina te unpretentious tino - hei tauira, ka taea e tipu ora i roto i te mātaitai me te wai taiao. Heoi, poke wai hoki ratou e kore te pai. Ko te ahua o Nitella, he ake e pängia ana ki te wai hou ona māngai, a kua kitea hoki i roto i te roto ki te raro one. Ki te charophytes tuatahi ahua kore e rite substrates, tenei ahua ngā Okú tenei tata - pēnei i whatiwhatinga parahua. Tolipella tairongo hoki ki te paru, ko te kupu ngā whakatipuria i runga i te oneone one, a pai i roto i te hohonu iti.

noho

I roto i Russia, ora tenei rōpū o pükohu i roto i te Te Hau-ā-uru Siberian mania ko Altai. Mai i te rautau waenganui-iwa, ite i pūtaiao wā taupori hou me nga wahi e uri pükohu. Ko reira taa'eraa e i roto i etahi huru kia whai Stoneworts painga mo ara nga māngai o te otaota teitei. Hei tauira, kua kitea ai i runga i nga wāhanga Rangitahi ka whakainumia ana i roto i o Faarii. Ki te rā, i roto i te tonga o te Te Hau-ā-uru Siberian mania kitea 17 momo o Chara, me 4 momo Nitella. He hoki momo iti noa e taea hoki e te painga whakataetae mo tona whanaketanga i runga i te tahi atu otaota. I roto i tenei take, roto me te whenua reporepo e kore iti charophytes. Te mau melo o te puninga o Nitella, mo te tauira, kei te kitea anake i roto i te awaawa o awa nui me steppes ngahere. Na tenei ahakoa te meka e te nui raro whakaritea he momo katoa o ngā tipu Charales i taua wahi ki te taua roto.

hanganga

I roto i te Charales tetahi o nga hanganga tino matatini o rau tuawhiti e i roto i te tahi mau ara, ka arahina ki to ratou faitatau ki tipu teitei. Kei te rerekëtanga ratou tinana ki te interstices me wāhanga nui-kōeke, e kua kei roto i tōrino te o manga. I roto i te mātaitai me te wai roto, e piri ratou ki te whenua i rhizoids. Ko ritenga ki otaota teitei, i roto i tenei horopaki, kia hanga whakahua tonatara me horsetail. Rau tuawhiti teitei tae te toharite o te 30 cm, ahakoa i reira he tauira o runga ki te 120 cm. He tino iti nga manga lateral, na te tipu colonizes kore ko te tino raru te raro. Otiia e kore e ko te āhuatanga katoa e whai charophytes tenei. huru no te hanganga e te aroaro o internodes roa pūtau hei kiri tupuria i te tahi atu pūtau kuiti, me te iti. Ko reira taa'eraa e te anga o ngā pūtau obyzvestlennaya.

uri pükohu

rōpū Stoneworts o ngā tipu angamaheni o te fakasekisualé, me te whakatö vegetative. Vegetative whakatinana tikanga te whakamahi i nodule kei i runga i rhizoids. I tua atu, hangaia tenei mahi te whakaeminga pūtau whetu-āhua, kei runga i nga nodules kakau raro. hoatu ratou whanau ki te thallium hou. whanaketanga Higher i roto i te ora o te tipu tae whekau fakasekisualé kanohi oogonia me antheridium. Tenei hanganga multicellular e maha whakawhanake i runga i te tipu kotahi. Heoi, i te mohiotia me charophytes dioecious, engari e kore te mea nui to ratou tohatoha. Nā ki tona unpretentiousness ki noho tikanga hara taea noa te tau torutoru hipokina te rohe nui, hanga he pururu tonu.

whekau whakaputa uri

Antheridium rite te pōro, kia kia 0.5 mm nei diameter. I te tīmatanga, te mea he hue puwhero, engari i roto i te tukanga o te ora te huri i te reira ki whero karaka ranei. Ko reira i runga i te rauropi pūtau hanganga kakau poto, me te kei 8 pūtau flat tata whakapā ia atu ki taha serrated. Mai i te wahi pokapū o ia rōpū-pūtau whakahaua antheridium kakau porotakaroa taketake, mutu i roto i te matenga porowhita i runga nei e whakaritea e rave rahi pūtau ki te hautanga iti. Ia o ratou homai he torutoru rau pūtau ki aho spermatogenic. I roto i te tahuri, hangaia e hoki anterozoid ia o nga pūtau hou i hanga. Ki te whakaaro ki te oogonia, te mea he rahi tika nui, ka whakaritea ki te antheridium. karapotia ngā pūtau Crustal reira, ka hanga i te ahua o te karauna tōrino. I roto i tenei tinana i roto i charophytes kotahi hua nui. toro pūtau parāoa karauna me te wiria ki oogonia. puta karyogamy atu i roto i te hanganga o te whakatō kākano.

Taumahi Charales tipu

E kore te mea faufaa te uara biosystem o te ora o enei pükohu, ahakoa mea tohunga etahi mana i runga i te papamuri hydrological me te kounga koiora o tinana wai i roto i nei e ora ratou. I roto i ngā, riro pūmau te aratau wai, a reira ano hoki ko te hanganga o te biocenosis motuhake. tipu pikopiko i roto i te tukanga whanaketanga tango i runga i te maha nui o epiphytes. Tenei huakita mōkitokito me pükohu, e mahi rite kai mō hātaretare. I tua atu, kia mahi charophytes matotoru i roto i te tahi mau ara te wahapu ano ia mo ika iti, e kua kitea i roto i te tiaki pae tihi i konihi. I roto i te roto ki te otaota mātotoru puta taua whanaketanga torongū waeroa atu iti. Ko te tika tenei ki te tiaki e kore anake, engari ano hoki ki te mahi o te paturopi motuhake e hua tipu. I te wa ano, ka taea e te pükohu hei kai mo te manu. Kei te kitea te reira i roto i te ngahuru rere ki runga i Faarii wai. whakamahia te nuinga Waterfowl nga oospores kākano, e i tenei wa e ki tonu i te rūrūtia ngako.

Taupānga i roto i te Economy me te Pūtaiao

whakaritea whakamahinga Pūāhua i roto i ngā tipu o te oraraa o te taata e te matū i roto i reira. Hei tauira, kia pükohu ātaahua mō te whakamahi rite tongi te aroaro o te kotakota. I roto i ngā, charophytes he pai i te wāhi o te tirohanga o te supply paparanga oneone taimaha tari Charophyta. Ahakoa kahore maimoatanga atu ki initareti e tūturu o parataiao Charales hanga he paru curative. I roto i nga tau tata nei, moni i roto i tenei rōpū o ngā tipu e whakaatu ana tohunga i roto i te mara o te rangahau Biophysical. pūtau nui, hanga interstices, tukua he ako hohonu o te membrane cytoplasmic mo ratou uruhanga.

mutunga

Stoneworts āta ngaro tona tūranga i roto i te raupapatanga tipu. Ahakoa te ātete o te tahi mau momo o raraunga pükohu ki awenga waho, te horapa o te contamination i roto i ngā rauemi hydrological faataupupû tonu te tukanga o ratou whanaketanga. Hoki e kore e wareware i charophytes - he rōpū o pükohu o raro, i te mea he hononga whakawhiti i waenganui i te tari rerekē. A ahakoa pūtaiao i tenei ra He pakari systematize tenei rōpū, he maha o nga tohu o ona māngai tohu e huringa te kunenga i roto i te rau tuawhiti taua. I te tahi atu te ringa, ia ite tohunga e, i roto i rite ki te anga pōhatu, Stoneworts hou kahore rite taonga kanorau rerekē.