Ko te huarahi ahurei i roto i te hinengaro hinengaro. Te hinengaro o te hinengaro: nga tikanga, nga tikanga, nga mema, nga ariā taketake

I nga wa katoa e faaruru iwi ki faaiteraa hinengaro pērā i te riri, ngenge o te ora, whaiaro feaa-, tahuri ki te whārua. he raruraru i ngā wā rerekē hoki rerekē, engari te mau mana'o, me ngā wheako o te iwi rite. I teie mahana atu me te ake iwi e mate ana i te mate o te tikanga i roto i te ora, me te kore noa iho i roto meinga e whiwhi etahi whakapawera ora. Ko te tikanga te reira ki te āwhina i taua iwi hinengaro existential.

Ko te ariā o te hinengaro existential

hinengaro existential - he huinga o ngā ture me huarahi hinengaro ki te hoki ki te ora noa te tangata, ki tonu i te manukanuka, me te tikanga. He he he aronga i runga i whaiaro mōhio-, e kore rite te ahanoa motuhake, kati i roto ia ratou, me o ratou wheako, me te he wahi o te ora, te parau mau a tawhio noa. ngā Therapy fatongia mo koutou ora, me te mea kei te tupu i roto i reira. I ahu mai te wāhanga kei te i te existentia Latin - «te ora». hinengaro existential E āta hono ana me te hinengaro ki te rapunga whakaaro. I roto i te rau tau rua tekau i reira ko he au rite "kaupapa o oraraa", i te mea tata i roto i te natura hinengaro existential.

aronga existential i roto i te hinengaro ahu whakawhetai ki Søren Kierkegaard. I taketake tona whakaako, mahi ia i runga i roto i te 1830. mea ana marôraa taketake kore e taea te wehea taua tangata i te ao i waho, me te ora pāpori. Ko te wāhanga matua o te tangata - hinengaro, te aroha, te wehi, āwangawanga, faaotiraa. riro mōhio o tona ngako i roto i ngā āhuatanga ohorere, me e protrude te mate, pakanga, me te mamae te tangata. Reassessing te mua, te tangata riro noa. Kierkegaard whakaurua te ariā o te oraraa, ahurei, me te kotahi o te ahua o te ora, wehe hoki ia takitahi. kitea e ia te hononga ki tahuri ngā i roto i te ora, me te mōhio o ratou, ētahi titiro ki koe me i te ora i muri i ite ru.

marôraa Bugental

Dzheyms Byudzhental - Peresideni o te Association o hinengaro existential. I roto i te 1963, motuhia ia i roto i nga ariā taketake o te hinengaro existential:

• Te tangata - tenei oranga katoa, e kia arotakea, ka ako i roto i te moni o ona wāhanga katoa. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, e kore e taea te whakamahi i te mahi kanohi ki te aromatawai i te tuakiri, engari āhuatanga katoa ka rite ki te katoa.
• e kore te ora te tangata wehe, ka herea hononga pāhekoheko. e kore e taea te ako te tangata i waho tango ki pūkete tona wheako.
• Matau te anake taea hoatu te tuakiri tona tuakiri. Tonu aro mātai ana te takitahi ia, ana mahi, whakaaro.
• Te tangata ko te kaihanga o tona ora, e kore te mea ia he manene, i rere mua te whakapakoko o te, me te wāhi kaha i roto i te mahi. wheako painga, hanga ia ia.
• I roto i te ora tangata he tikanga, me te whakaaro, kua whakahaua ana whakaaro ki te heke mai.

hāngai hinengaro existential te i te ako o te ora te tangata, i roto i te ao huri noa ia, me o ratou āhuatanga ora. Takitaha o tatou e i runga i tona wheako i roto i pā ana ki te ao waho, ki ētahi atu iwi. Tenei e to tatou pikitia hinengaro, kahore nei e kore e taea i roto i te hinengaro ki te āwhina i te manawanui. He huinga o te mau huru whaiaro kore e hoatu i te ki tonu te māramatanga o te tangata, te tangata e kore e ora i roto i te noho wehe i roto i tona raukatauri, kei te tipu tonu te reira, te huri whanonga, aro mātai ana te taiao, me te, i runga i tenei kaupapa, mahi etahi mahi. Na reira, kua karohia etahi kaimātai hinengaro te ariā o te tuakiri, rite kore e te reira tino tūhura ngā āhuatanga katoa o te oraraa tangata, me te mahara.

Ko te whāinga o te therapy

tikanga hinengaro existential te ki e whakatika whakaaro o te tangata i roto i te aronga tika, te āwhina ki te matau ora, ki te matau tona faufaa me te whai wāhi katoa. e kore e Therapy te huri i te tuakiri o te manawanui. whakahaua aro katoa te ïa ki te ora ano, ki te rethink etahi o nga ngā. Tenei taea hoki te titiro hou i te mooni, kahore kākaá me ahua, ka hanga mahere mo te heke mai, kia whakaturia whāinga. tautuhi hinengaro existential te tikanga o te ora i roto i te ohipa rā o te kawenga mo to ratou iho oraraa, me te haere noa o te whiriwhiri. Ko te whāinga hopea - i te te hanga i tētahi tirohanga hou o te oraraa kia pai ai. Ka taea e tatou te mea e tauturu te therapy ki matau ora, haapii ki tu raruraru, me te kitea huarahi ki te whakaoti ia ratou, te tūhura huarahi katoa ki te whakapai ake i to ratou oraraa, a arata'i ki te mahi. ka kite a Tūroro iwi e kore e mate, a kahore e matau me pehea ki te whakahaere i o ratou whai wāhitanga, ngenge o te ora. Ki te mau tetahi tangata i roto i te ora, me tona whakaaro, hape nui - ki te hamani ia rite te manawanui. Na mea māngai o hinengaro existential. E kore e taea e koe te hamani ia rite te tangata rawakore, Me tika tatou ki te āwhina ki a ia rethink mea kei te tupu a tawhio noa, me te ki te whiriwhiri i te ara tika i runga i nei e haere e ia i roto i te heke mai mohio me ki te whakaaro. Ko te whāinga, ko te kore ki te huri i te huru taata, engari i muri i pangia te tangata maimoatanga e taea matau e hiahia ia te tahi mea ki te huri, ki te whakapai ake i to ratou oraraa, e inaianei e kore ia e ora ana i te ara ahau e hiahia ana ki te, no te mea e hiahia ana ratou mahi papau. hinengaro existential - ko reira he faingamālie ki te whiwhi mōhiotanga me te haere noa, kaha, manawanui. haapii nei te reira ia tatou i kore ki te kati i te mooni, e kore ki te huna i te mau fifi, a ki te ako me te ki ite ora i roto i te mauiui, manukanuka, te inoino, engari hamani ratou tōtika.

Psychotherapy ko Philosophy

Na riro te reira mārama he aha ahu te iho existential i roto i te hinengaro i rapunga whakaaro, me te aha te āta reira hono ki reira. Ko te parau haapiiraa psychotherapeutic anake, te mau parau tumu o e te hunga e whakatikaia e te kaupapa tenei. Ka taea te huaina te kaiwhakarewa o te mau haapiiraa existential te philosopho Danish Serena Kerkegora. Ētahi atu philosopho Western nei kua hanga he takoha nui ki te whanaketanga o te kura existential: philosopho German, he aronui o kaupapa existential o Heidegger ko M. Buber, P. Tillich, Jaspers, philosopho Wīwī Jean-Paora Sartre me te tini ke atu. Ki vremnem hinengaro existential whānui. Māngai o kaupapa Russian kihai hoki i tu peka, ka haumi kahore iti kaha me te mohio i roto i te parau haapiiraa existential. Te reira i Rozanov, S. Frank, S. Troubetzkoy, Shestov, Berdyaev.

Hoki te wā tuatahi ki te whakakotahi faaoti rapunga whakaaro me te hinengaro psychoanalyst Swiss L. Binswanger. i te ngana taua ia ia ka anga i roto i te 30raa o te rau tau rua tekau, whakaaro he huarahi existential ki hinengaro. Ko te lēsoni ko e kore ia i whai wāhi i roto i te mahi o te ahunga hoatu, engari i taea ki te tautuhi i te mau parau tumu taketake o te ao i roto o te tangata, tona whanonga me tauhohe ki te mooni a tawhio noa, ki te takoto i te turanga o te therapy ia. Ka taea te huaina te reira i te kaiwhakarewa o hinengaro existential. Medard tōku, he tākuta Swiss, whakaekea ana tona kite, te tuatahi o tona ahua. ¶ Na i roto i te tau 50 o te rau tau rua tekau. Hoki te pūtake ka mau te reira i te tangata tohe Tiamana mau haapiiraa a Heidegger me whakaahua ke hoki te whakamahi i roto i te therapy ratou. Kei te whakaaro ia ki te kaiwhakarewa o tetahi o nga wāhi o te therapy existential - daseinsanalysis, e kei te tauira o te matauranga tangata. I roto i a te 60 rangatira whakaritea he hōtaka whakangungu mō psychoanalysts me psychotherapists i roto i to ratou ake tikanga. He maha ngā inaianei kua hinengaro existential, tikanga o ona rerekē, engari te whakaaro o te whai tetahi - ki te hanga i te ora te tangata hāneanea me te kounga.

Psychotherapy Frankl

Ko tētahi o nga māngai tino angamaheni o hinengaro existential taea te huaina Viktor Frankl. Tenei kaimātai hinengaro Austria, hinengaro, me te toketā neave. hinengaro existential, tikanga nei e hāngai ana i runga i nga akonaki o Frankl huaina logotherapy. Ko tōna whakaaro matua ko e te mea matua mō te tangata - ki te kitea e te tikanga o te ora, me te ki te matau i to ratou oraraa ki tenei, kia feinga ia. Ki te kore te iwi e kite i te wāhi, riro tona ora te kau. hāngai hinengaro existential o Frankl te i runga i te matauranga e notemea te oraraa rawa ngā pātai ki te tangata e pā ana ki te tikanga o te ora, a kahore hurihia, ka me te tangata ki te whakautu ki ēnei mahi. Existentialists whakapono e taea kitea katoa te tikanga o tatou, ahakoa o te ira tangata, tau, iwi karakia ranei, mana pāpori.

he rerekē hoki te tangata ia i te ara ki te tikanga, me te mea e kore e taea e ia e kitea e ia i te reira, haere mai ki te therapy faaora. Ko whakapono existentialists ka e taea ki te mahi i tenei taua tangata, ka karanga te aratohu matua karanga ratou hinengaro, i whakapono Frankl "tikanga tinana" me te taea o reira te transcendence-whaiaro. Puta i te takitahi noa iho e taea anake te taunekeneke ki te mo'oni a tawhio noa; mawehe atu ki iho, me te tuhi tokanga ki ratou mau mana'o i roto, e kore te mea taea tenei. kī Frankl e kua riro na 90% o addicts tarukino me Alcoholics tika ki te mate o te tikanga o te ora, me te mate o te ara ki reira. Ko tētahi atu kōwhiringa - he whakaata, ina hāngai ana te tangata ki runga ki a ia, e ngana ana ki te kitea tenei oaoa; Ko reira ano hoki te ara teka. Hangaia logotherapy Frankl reira i runga i Counteracting o whakaata - derefleksii me whakaaro ihoa.

tikanga kupu therapy. Derefleksiya

whakarato Derefleksiya tainga kawa tonu whakamutunga waho o keri i roto i to ratou ake wheako. whakamahia tēnei tikanga i roto i te aroaro o te whakararuraru, pokepoke-hairiiri. maha i raruraru i roto i te ora fakasekisualé e pā ana ki te wehi o te paruparu, frigidity tauira o taua disorders. whakapono Frankl e neurosis pokepoke āhua fakasekisualé e pā ana ki te hiahia mo te pai, me te wehi tona ngaro. E ngana ana ki te kitea te oaoa, tonu te tutonu i runga i tenei pūkete, e kore e kitea i te reira i te tangata. haere ia i roto i te whakaata, e matakitaki koe rite te mea i waho, tātari ratou mau mana'o, a kahore whiwhi i tetahi utu i te mea kei te tupu i roto i te mutunga. kite Frankl te otinga ki te pehea o whakaata, whaiaro warewaretanga-. Ka rite ki te tauira o te tono angitu o te tikanga i roto i te mahi derefleksii Frankl taea wehewehe te take o te wahine taitamariki, e amuamu o frigidity. Ka rite ki te taiohi, i te waiho i raro ia ki te tutu me te wehi tamau, e tenei meka mahue te tohu i runga i ona ora sex me te whai wāhi ki te oaoa i te reira. A ko reira tenei arotahi ki runga ki a ratou ano, ratou mau mana'o, me kare, keri te makanga whakapataritari, engari e kore e te meka o te tutu. I taea e ki te hūnuku i te arotahi i ia ki te hoa te kotiro, kua puta ke te āhuatanga i roto i te manakohia o reira. ko ia taea ki te oaoa i te pai o te takoto, ngaro te raruraru. Ko te whānuitanga o te tono o te tikanga derefleksii whanui a kia whai hua i roto i whakaoti maha ngā raruraru hinengaro.

whakaaro ihoa

whakaaro ihoa - he ariā e hāngai ana i runga i te mau haapiiraa a Frankl e pā ana ki wehi me phobias. tohe ia e te wehi o te tangata o tetahi hui, tahuri ki te pokenga, āta arahina ia ïa ki te mea e wehi ana ia. Hei tauira, riro rawakore mate ranei te takitahi, no te mea i mua-faaruru i te kare me mau mana'o o te tangata wehi ki te riro i te reira. Ko te wā "hiahia" te ahu i te intentio Latin - "whakarongo, hiahia," e te tikanga te arotahi ā-ki te tahi mea, a "ihoa" tikanga te mahi ritenga, he totohe. Ko te ngako o tenei tikanga takoto i roto i te whakaaro o te hanga i te āhuatanga i te mea te take o te wehi. Engari, ki te karo i tetahi huru, ki te haere ki te whakatau ia ia, e te te lēsoni.

Ka taea e koe te hoatu i tētahi tauira ki te scene. Te tangata, kotahi e mahi i runga i te atamira i mua o te minenga, a i te wa taua mänatunatu, ite ia e tona i ringa wiri. Ko te wa i muri i mua i te haere ki waho, ka anga ia ki te wehi e te ringa ka ruru ano, a ka kua tae mai tenei wehi pono. ahu wehi wehi, kia rite ki te hua o kua meinga he phobia tenei katoa, nga tohu ho'i, ka kaha, i reira ko te wehi o tatari. I roto i te tikanga ki te pehea o tenei huru, me te ora i roto i te rangimarie, ki te oaoa i te ora, e hiahia ana koe ki te whakakore i te take pakiaka o te wehi. Ka taea te tono i te tikanga takitahi ki te hanga i te mārama whakaaro ki te waihanga i tētahi āhuatanga ritenga ki taua i nei hiahia ana ahau ki te pehea e o. Ko o tauira te tokorua Here.

Kotahi tamaiti tiana katoa po i roto i tona moe, me tona kaihaumanu faaoti ki te tono i te tikanga o te whakaaro ihoa. korerotia e ia i te tamaiti e wa katoa tupu ano a reira, ka riro ia ia he utu. Ko te kupu kua puta ke te tākuta wehi o te tamaiti, e hiahia e puta ano tenei āhuatanga. Na kia whakakahoretia tamaiti o tona mate.

taea hoki te whakamahi i tēnei tikanga mō te ohoroa. Te tangata mo te wa roa e kore e taea te moe, wehi haamata mataaratanga te po ki te haereere ia i nga po. Ko te atu tamata ia ki te matau o ratou mau mana'o, me te rangi i roto i ki te moe, te iti te reira huri i te reira i roto i. He kuware te otinga - mutu keri i roto i koe, kia wehi o te ohoroa, me te whakamahere āta noho ake katoa te po. Existential Psychotherapy (fariiraa hiahia ihoa i roto i ngā) taea ki a koe te tango i te titiro hou i te āhuatanga, ki te riro te mana i runga i ratou me to ratou oraraa.

tikanga Kiritaki-fakatefito

Ko tētahi atu wāhi e ngā hinengaro existential. Ko te ariā taketake, me te whakamahi o tona taputapu rerekē i te aronui. I whakawhanakehia tikanga therapy kiritaki-fakatefito e te kaimātai hinengaro American Karlom Rodzhersom me whakaahuatia i roto i tona pukapuka "Kiritaki-fakatefito therapy:. mahi o nāianei, me te ariā o te tikanga" whakapono Rogers taua tangata i roto i arata'ihia e te hiahia ki te whakawhanake, te tipu ngaio me te rauemi tou ora, te whakamahi i te whai wāhitanga e wātea ana. Kei te pera whakaturia ia e me whakaoti e ia nga raruraru fehangahangai e ratou, e whakatika o ratou ngā mahi hoki i runga i te ara. Ko ki te whakawhanake i tenei kaha e taea i roto i te aroaro o ngā uara pāpori. whakaurua Rogers nga ariā e tautuhi te paearu taketake o te whanaketanga tuakiri:

• mara o te wheako. Kia mōhio o te ao i roto o tenei tangata i roto i te poro o e maharatia e ia mooni waho.
• Whaiaro. Te whakakotahi wheako tinana, me te wairua.
• Ahau-tūturu. Ngaahi Fakakaukau e pā ana ki a ratou ano, e hāngai ana i runga i ngā āhuatanga tūturu-ora, te faatura o te tahi atu mau taata.
• Ahau-pai. Kia pehea te iwi E whakaatu ana ano i roto i te take o te whakatutukitanga o ratou whai wāhitanga.

"E ahau-tūturu" e tukua ki te "e ahau-pai." Ko te iti te rerekētanga i waenganui i a ratou, te atu motuhake te takitahi mana'o ora. E ai ki a Rogers, whaiaro-kiritau, whakaaetanga o te tangata ia i te mea he ia, ko te tohu o te hauora hinengaro, me te wairua. Na ka kōrero e pā ana ki te congruence (ōritetanga ā-). Ki te he nui te rerekētanga, he tangata āhuatanga e hao me te horihori, overvaluation o ratou kaha, a kia arahi tenei ki neurosis. Real kore i taea e ahau haere tata ki te pai e tika ana ki huru ora, aravihi ore, ranei no o te meka e haamau tangata ki runga ki a ia i te tāutanga, whanonga, ngaahi ongo e wehe ai i te "e ahau-pai". Ko te parau tumu taketake o te tikanga kiritaki-faatumuhia - he hehema ki whaiaro wawata-. kua ki te manako ia rite ko ia, ki te whiwhi te kiritau-a feinga ki te tupu me te whakawhanake i roto i te rohe e kore e e ofati tona whaiaro kotahi.

technique tikanga kiritaki-fakatefito

huarahi existential ki hinengaro e Karl Rogers tāutu whitu ngā wāhanga o te whanaketanga, mōhiotanga me te whakaaetanga-whaiaro:

1. He he he wehe i te raruraru, ki te kore o te hiahia taui i to ratou oraraa mo te pai.
2. tīmata te tangata ki te whakaatu o ratou mau mana'o, te faaite ratou, ki paku whakatuwhera ratou mau fifi.
3. Ko te whanaketanga o te whaiaro-whakapuaki, whaiaro whakaaetanga-ki te matatini o te āhuatanga, ratou mau fifi.
4. He he he hiahia mo te tuakiri, te hiahia ki te hei ratou.
5. riro organic, māhorahora, me te ngāwari Whanonga. He he haere noa i roto.
6. oroko te tangata iho me te ao. Ka taea te whakakore Sessions ki te kaimātai hinengaro.
7. Ko te putanga o te pauna kiko i waenganui i te tūturu me te ahau-e ahau-pai.

Te tāutu wāhanga matua o te tikanga:

• he whakaata o kare,
• verbalization,
• whakatūnga o te congruence.

Kia whakaaro poto tatou ia o ratou.

Whakaata o kare. I roto i te whakahaere e karanga te kaimātai hinengaro reo ki te kare hokosia e te kiritaki i roto i te āhuatanga i homai, e hāngai ana i runga i tona kōrero.

Verbalization. tatauranga hou hinengaro i roto i ana kupu ake kupu o te kiritaki, engari e kore e ketia te tikanga ki te korero. hangaia ana tēnei parau tumu e ki te whakanui i te kiritaki tino nui o te kōrero, te taime tino rarua o tona.

Ko te whakatūnga o te congruence. Ka taea te whakaaro te toenga hauora i waenganui i te tūturu me te pai J. te tukanga whakanohonoho angitu ki te huringa huru o te kiritaki i roto i te aronga e whai ake nei:

• kite ia whakatuwhera āta ki ētahi atu iwi, me ngā wheako hou, te kiritau-mai hoki ki noa;
• nui haere pai;
• Tiro kiko o te raruraru;
• faarahi whakaraeraetanga iti urutau ki te āhuatanga;
• whakaiti o te manukanuka;
• huri i roto i te whanonga i roto i te ara pai.

Kei te whakamahia pai Rogers technique i roto i ngā kura ki te taiohi i roto i te pakanga taumira. Reira ia me contraindications - he reira houhou ki te whakamahi i, ki te ki te tangata tino kahore rave'a tupu me te whakawhanake.

mōhiotanga o te mate

He ko he whakawa e te iwi te hunga i ite mate haumanu ranei puke lahi, atu uara to ratou oraraa, me te whakatutuki i nui. Mōhio o te finiteness mooni o te ora, te mate, hanga hinengaro existential rethink ratou huru ki te ao e karapoti ana, ki te kite mooni i roto i te marama rerekē. Ko te tikanga e kore te iwi e whakaaro tonu e pā ana ki te mate, engari, fehangahangai ki te puke lahi, kia tikanga hē. Hei tauira, tutakina atu etahi, roto ranei timata ki te utu iwi hauora katoa a tawhio noa ia ia. Mahi kaimātai hinengaro i runga i tenei tikanga, kia arahi ki te whakatamarikitanga o te mate o te kiritaki rite ha faingamālie mo tupu whaiaro. mate tata rite mo te tangata arata'i ki te overestimation o uara, te kukū i te kau. iriti i te reira ki te tahi atu iwi, tona hapu, me hoa - he kore okotahi: riro tupu, me te tinihanga te hononga.

hinengaro existential, hangarau mōhio o te mate e ka titiro te tangata ai hamau, mau tauturu te reira i te rota o te iwi ki te ora ki puta fifi tura ki a ratou.